中国发展报告2025

2025 DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE OFTHE STATE COUNCIL CHINADEVELOPMENTREPORT 2025 DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE OFTHE STATE COUNCIL ISBN 978-7-119-14523-5© Foreign Languages Press Co. Ltd, Beijing, China, 2026Published by Foreign Languages Press Co. Ltd24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, ChinaDistributed by China International Book Trading Corporation35 Chegongzhuang Xilu, Beijing 100044, ChinaP.O. Box 399, Beijing, China Printed in the People’s Republic of China China Development Report 2025Editorial Board Director Lu Hao Deputy Directors Long GuoqiangCong Liang Zhang ShunxiZhang Qi Zhang Laiming Members (in alphabetic order) Deng YusongFang Jin Gao ShijiLi JianweiLi Zuojun Ma MingjieTian JietangWu Zhenyu Xu WeiYuan DongmingZhang Liping Zhuo Xian Foreword At its 20th National Congress, the Communist Party of China (CPC) unequiv-ocally stated that, from that day forward, the CPC’s central task would be to leadthe Chinese people of all ethnic groups in a concerted effort to realize the SecondCentenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all re-spects and to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts throughChinese modernization. Focusing on this goal, the CPC Central Committee withXi Jinping at its core has rallied and led the whole Party, the armed forces, andthe people of all ethnic groups across the country in forging ahead with determi-nation and steadily advancing Chinese modernization, achieving a series of newbreakthroughs and accomplishments. Documenting the great journey of Chinesemodernization and conducting in-depth research into the major issues confrontingChina’s development remains of great significance to the development of bothChina and the world. The Development Research Centre of the State Council (DRC) has been com-piling and publishing the annual China Development Report since 2023, aiming todocument the extraordinary journey of the Party leading the people in advancingChinese modernization over the previous year, under the guidance of Xi JinpingThought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The reportalso provides in-depth analysis of the deep-seated problems facing China’s devel-opment. The 2025 report continues to adopt the “1+5+N” framework structure, wherein “1” pertains to the theoretical, institutional, and practical achievements inthe overall landscape of national development; “5” highlights major outcomes inkey sectors guided by the new development philosophy of innovative, coordinat-ed, green, open and shared development; and “N” outlines research findings fromthe DRC on a range of major development issues. The year 2024 marked the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’sRepublic of China. In July, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC CentralCommittee was successfully convened, to review and apply the experience gainedfrom reform and opening up, and particularly from further reform in the newera. At the session the Central Committee mapped out overall plans for drivingdeeper comprehensive reform to advance Chinese modernization, inaugurateda new phase in continuing comprehensive reform, and produced a series of im-portant theoretical achievements on this front. This past year, confronted with acomplex and challenging international environment as well as arduous domestictasks of advancing reform, promoting development, and maintaining stability, theChinese people of all ethnic groups worked hard and overcame difficulties underthe strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core.Notably, at a meeting on September 26, the Political Bureau of the CPC CentralCommittee decisively introduced a package of incremental policies, effectivelyboosting social confidence and significantly improving the economy. The Chi-nese economy on the whole remained stable and made good progress throughoutthe year, with major social and economic development targets achieved and taskssuccessfully completed. High-quality development was solidly advanced, reformand opening up continued to deepen, new quality productive forces were steadilycultivated, efforts to ensure public wellbeing were robust and effective, and the country’s economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, and overallnational strength continued to grow, resulting in new achievements in Chinesemodernization. In addition to documenting the achievements in China’s economic and socialdevelopment throughout 2024, the China Development Report 2025 also includesfour important research findings from the DRC: “Accelerating New Momentumfrom Six Key Demand Drivers” proposes to accelerate the activation of newsources of demand from six key areas – digital and intelligent demand, green de-mand, health-related demand, elderly care, high-quality cultural life, and the needsof the agricultural migrant population; “Research on the Future DevelopmentPotential of China’s Service Sector” analyzes the potential growth spac