移动货币对亚洲的经济影响

GSMA Mobile Money The GSMA is a global organisation unifying themobile ecosystem to discover, develop and deliverinnovation foundational to positive businessenvironments and societal change. Our vision is tounlock the full power of connectivity so that people,industry, and society thrive. The GSMA’s Mobile Money programme works toaccelerate the development of the mobile moneyecosystem for the underserved. For more information, please contact us: www.gsma.com/mobilemoney Representing mobile operators and organisationsacross the mobile ecosystem and adjacent industries,the GSMA delivers for its members across threebroad pillars: Connectivity for Good, IndustryServices and Solutions, and Outreach. This activityincludes advancing policy, tackling today’s biggestsocietal challenges, underpinning the technology andinteroperability that make mobile work, and providingthe world’s largest platform to convene the mobileecosystem at the MWC and M360 series of events. mobilemoney@gsma.com This publication was supported by theGates Foundation. We invite you to find out more atwww.gsma.com Authors Rishi Raithatha and Gianluca Storchi.Marketing support was provided by Joyce Kong. Published April 2025 © 2025 – GSMA Contents 01Mobile money’s impact beyond financial inclusion0402The macroeconomic impact of mobile money in Asia07Mobile money’s contribution to GDP by region09Mobile money’s GDP contribution in Asia by country1003Drivers of mobile money’s impact on GDP11Quantifying the impact of mobile money’s drivers onGDP growth13Comparing Asia and Sub‑Saharan Africa14Conclusion: How policy drives mobile money adoption15 01Mobile money’s impactbeyond financial inclusion Mobile money is now afinancial service of choiceacross several marketsworldwide. While the uptake of digital payments has beengrowing, the COVID‑19 pandemic acceleratedthe use of mobile financial services across manycountries. Most consumers can now access a biggerrange of transactions, as well as credit, savings andinsurance services too. Mobile money has become a mainstream financialservice across much of Asia‑Pacific and Sub‑SaharanAfrica. Between 2015 and 2024, the number ofregistered mobile money accounts increased from450 million to 2.1 billion (Figure 1). Figure 1Registered mobile money accounts by region, 2015–2024 Number of registered accounts (millions) In 2023, building on several research papers andempirical evidence, the GSMA highlighted mobilemoney’s positive impact on gross domestic product(GDP).1Over time, mobile money has loweredtransaction costs for users and helped householdswith their cash flow. This has enabled manycommunities to smooth their consumption andmanage risks. By improving access to faster andmore efficient payments, mobile money has allowedenterprises to grow. This report accompanies the analysis published inthe GSMA’s State of the Industry Report on MobileMoney 2025. There, we published data on the impactof mobile money on the GDP of countries in Sub‑Saharan Africa with a service. This report focuses onthe impact of mobile money on the GDP of Asiancountries that have had a service since 2013. This data is based on the original econometricanalysis carried out by GSMA Intelligence,commissioned by the GSMA Mobile Moneyprogramme. It established a causal link betweenthe adoption of digital financial services in low‑andmiddle‑income countries (LMICs) and long‑termeconomic growth. It relies on two global, uniqueand novel datasets on mobile money usage andregulation that cover the 2013–2023 period.2 If mobile money adoption rises, thesemicroeconomic effects can have a macroeconomicimpact and contribute to economic growth. Whilethe microeconomic impacts of mobile money havebeen well documented, the macroeconomic effectsare slowly becoming clearer as mobile money’suse grows (Figure 2). Several economic analyseshave established a link between financial inclusionand economic growth. Despite this, the evidenceof mobile money having a similar effect currentlyremains limited. Figure 2 The potential impact of mobile moneyon socio‑economic outcomes Source: GSMA Intelligence 02The macroeconomicimpact of mobile moneyin Asia Growth in mobile money adoption and transactionuse has contributed to an increase in GDP in majormobile money markets with a service. Based onupdated industry data, between 2013 and 2023,a 10‑percentage point increase in mobile moneyadoption was found to have increased GDP by 0.6%to 1.0%. Between 2013 and 2023, the total GDP of countrieswith a mobile money service was over $720billion higher than it would have been withoutmobile money. This is equivalent to mobilemoney increasing GDP by 1.7% at the end of2023 (Figure 3). Year on year, mobile money’scontribution to GDP grew from around $650 billionin 2022 – an increase of nearly 12%. Figure 3Simulated impact of mobile money on GDP in mobile money countries, 2013–2023 GDP (2017 $PPP, trillions) Source: GSMA Intelligence. Note: PPP refers to Purc