释放2000亿美元的机会：印度的电动汽车

UNLOCKING A $200 BILLION OPPORTUNITY : ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA Copyright@ NITI Aayog, 2025 Published: August 2025 NITI AAYOGGovernment of India Electric Vehicles in IndiaUnlocking a $200 Billion Opportunity : FOREWORD 1 FOREWORD 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by a team comprising: ●Shri BVR Subrahmanyam, CEO, NITI Aayog●Dr O.P. Agarwal, Distinguished Fellow, NITI Aayog●Shri Sudhendu J. Sinha, Programme Director (E-Mobility), NITI Aayog●Shri Amit Kumar Yadav, Consultant, NITI Aayog●Shri Amarjeet Singh, Consultant, NITI Aayog●Shri Gaurav Nemade, Young Professional, NITI Aayog The team would like to thank Shri Rajiv Gauba, Member NITI Aayog for his guidance andsuggestions in the preparation of the report. The team would like to thank all the participants at the seven consultation workshops held inFebruary 2025. The suggestions received from the participants at these meetings was extremely The team would like to recognise the support it received from the larger WRI India team, ICCT India,Laghu Parashar of the World Bank, Mahua Acharya, ex-CEO of CESL and several others who wereconsulted individually. Their suggestions were extremely useful. The team also acknowledges the Finally, the team would also like to thank Ms Keerti Tiwari, and her team, for their excellent work in designing the final version of this report. TABLE OFExecutive Summary.........................................................................1Background.......................................................................................5Global and Indian scenario..............................................................5Consultation Meetings at NITI Aayog..........................................10Key points that emerged................................................................10Uniqueness of the Indian Context.................................................14Recommendations..........................................................................14Recommended approach...........................................................15Recommended actions...............................................................24Resolving inter-agency coordination issues.................................26Immediate next steps.....................................................................27Annexure A - 1.................................................................................28Annexure A - 2................................................................................29Annexure A - 3................................................................................30Annexure A - 4...............................................................................31Annexure A - 5................................................................................32Annexure A - 6................................................................................33Annexure A - 7................................................................................34 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: EV Sales and EV Stock over the years (Global and India)..................................................................5Figure 2: EV Penetration Rate – Global & India................................................................................................6Figure 3: E-4W Sales over the years (Global and India)....................................................................................6 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Benefits and ease of supporting infrastructure for different types of vehicles..................................16Table 2: Actions needed against each approach presented above...................................................................24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY India has decided to aggressively move towards electric mobility. The key objectives are: •Reduced dependence on imported fuel•Increased share of renewable energy by leveraging the storage capacity of EV batteries•Reduced Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions•Improved air quality India seeks to attain a 30% share of electric vehicles, in the total vehicles sold, by 2030. Sale of EVsin India went up from 50,000 in 2016 to 2.08 million in 2024 as against global EV sales havingrisen from 918,000 in 2016 to 18.78 million in 2024. Thus, India’s transition has been slow to start,but it is picking up. India’s EV penetration was only about one-fifth of the global penetration in 1.Adoption of EV has been increasing in India but has been slower than the pace in some ofthe leading countries like the US, EU and China.2.India is doing well with electric two-wheelers and electric-three wheelers. With regard toelectric buses, it has made some progress but with electric cars it has been slow. Long haul This calls for measures to give a stronger push to the transition. Several consultation meetingshighlighted the following challenges: 1.Challenges of financing vehicles, especially electric buses and electric trucks2.Inadequacy of charging facilities on one hand and