2030年大湄公河次区域发展创新战略（英）2026

DECEMBER 2025 THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGIONINNOVATION STRATEGY DECEMBER 2025 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2025 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444 Some rights reserved. Published in 2025. ISBN 978-92-9277-640-4 (print); 978-92-9277-641-1 (PDF); 978-92-9277-642-8 (e-book)Publication Stock No. TCS260004-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Notes:In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars. Cover design by Mike Cortes.Photo on the cover by Shutterstock. GMS SECRETARIATSoutheast Asia DepartmentAsian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesFax: +63 2 8636 2226Email: gms@adb.org Contents Tables, Figures, and Boxesiv Abbreviationsv Executive Summaryvi Introduction1 1 2Vision of the Greater Mekong Subregion Innovation Strategy for Development4 3Strategic ApproachesStrategic Approach 1: DigitalizationStrategic Approach 2: The Green TransitionStrategic Approach 3: Connectivity 4Cross-Cutting ThemesKnowledge and Technology Diffusion 5Sector StrategiesAgriculture 6Greater Mekong Subregion Task Force on InnovationInnovation ForumsCapacity BuildingGreater Mekong Subregion Innovation FundPartnerships and Private Sector CollaborationPolicy and Regulatory FrameworkMonitoring and EvaluationData Collection and Harmonization Annexes1Rationale for a Regional Innovation Strategy for Development Tables, Figures, and Boxes Tables1Proposed Innovation IndicatorsA2Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Figures 1The Greater Mekong Subregion Innovation Strategy FrameworkA2.1Global Innovation Index, 2012 and 2022A2.2Components of the Global Innovation Index, 2022 BoxesA1.1 Defining InnovationA1.2Innovation SystemsA1.3Codified and Tacit Knowledge as Rationalefor a Cross-Border Innovation StrategyA2.1Economic Complexity and Exports in the Greater Mekong SubregionA2.2Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia, Abbreviations ADBAsian Development Bank AIartificial intelligencePRCPeople’s Republic of ChinaCSAclimate-smart agriculture Executive Summary InDecember 2023,the Greater MekongSubregion (GMS) ministers agreed to develop aninnovation strategy for the subregion. The GMSInnovationStrategy for Development 2030(GMS ISD) is primarily targeted at acceleratingprogress toward achieving the ambitions oftheGreater Mekong Subregion Economic buildingthe skills and capabilities ofdifferent innovation stakeholders; strengthening networks between differentinnovation actors across the subregion; encouraging the diffusion of knowledgeand technology across GMS borders; enhancing opportunities for cross-borderinnovative activities; and Innovationis a broad term capturing thecreation and application of new knowledge,technology, and ways of doing things, as well asincremental innovation that involves learning •establishinga robust monitoring andevaluation mechanism. The GMS ISD will focus on three strategicapproachesto developing the subregional Innovation offers countries the possibility ofimproved economic outcomes and livelihoods,the achievement of societal objectives, andsolutions to global and regional challenges.By driving human progress, innovation is theleading driver of long-run economic growthand industrial development. Innovation is also Strategic Approach 1: Digitalization.Theongoingglobal trend toward digitalizationoffers the possibility of improved econ