2025年生产力数据手册

Contents ContentsBoxesFiguresTablesCountry AbbreviationsRegion AbbreviationsAbbreviationsForeword344789910 1 Framework and Scope11 1.1 Coverage of the 2025 Edition1.2 Structure of the Databook1.3 List of Contributors111314 2 Recovery from Economic Shocks and Uncertain Outlooks 2.1 Continuing Recovery from the Aftermath of COVID-192.2 Inflation, Debt, and Energy Costs under Global COVID-19 Shocks2.3 Impact of Pandemic and Global Shocks on Productivity2.4 Trade in Clean Technology Products—Batteries, EVs, and Solar Cells16313537 3 Economic Transformation of Asia40 3.1 Shifting Growth Engines in Asia3.2 Catch-Up and Gaps in Per Capita GDP3.3 Sources of Per Capita GDP Gap414652 4 Growth from the Demand Side57 4.1 Structure of Final Demand across Asia4.2 Changing Shape of Domestic Demand5762 5 Productivity Growth Drivers71 5.1 Per-Worker Labor Productivity5.2 Per-Hour Labor Productivity5.3 Total Factor Productivity5.4 Sources of Economic Growth5.5 Capital Productivity5.6 Sources of Labor Productivity Growth5.7 Energy Productivity5.8 Comparison with OECD Countries7272798591939496 6 Growth from Industry Perspective99 6.1 Industrial Structure6.2 Employment Allocation6.3 Industry Origins of Economic Growth6.4 Industry Origins of Labor Productivity Growth99104109112 7 Real Income Growth 117 7.1 Real Income and Terms of Trade7.2 Trading Gain and Productivity Growth117120 8 Methodology and Data Framework125 8.1 Measurement of Output8.2 Measurement of Capital Input8.3 Measurement of Labor Input8.4Data on Non-Member Economies8.5PPP for Output and Inputs125133141147149 9 Supplementary Tables150 References172 Appendix: APO21 Economy Profiles175 Boxes Asia’s Tourism: Economic Driver and COVID-19 VulnerabilityImpact of Higher Energy Costs on Energy-Intensive SectorsReassessing Asia’s Economic Size through PPP RevisionsGlobal and Asian Population TrendsDemographic Dividend in Asian CountriesForging Economic Frameworks: CPTPP, IPEF, and RCEPTask-wise International Division of Labor in AsiaChina’s “New Three” Exports: Strength and UncertaintyCollege Workers’ Contribution to Economic GrowthTFP and Trade Openness in ASEAN and SAARCRise of ICT and R&D Capital in AsiaMineral and Energy Resources as CapitalPremature Deindustrialization in AsiaNavigating the Economic Horizon: Projections to 2035Korea’s 70-Year GDP Revisions: Lessons from Historical BenchmarkingChanges in the APO-PDB Measurement FrameworkLabor Share and Its Sensitivity to TFP EstimatesBox1Box2Box3Box4Box5Box6Box7Box8Box9Box10Box11Box12Box13Box14Box15Box16Box172733455053606669788386103115121126137146 Figures High Inflation due to COVID-19, 2015–2024Excess Mortality: Deaths from All Causes Compared to ProjectionTourism Export Share of GDP, 2005–2024Share of Other Structure Investment in GDP, 1970–2023Real Import Prices, 2015–2023Monthly Energy Prices, January 2020–June 2025Figure 2.1Figure 2.2Figure 2.3Figure 2.4Figure 2.5Figure 2.6182127293232 Monthly Real Energy Prices, January 2020–June 2025Monthly EITE Output Index, January 2015–June 2025Industry Contributions to EITE Output Index, January 2015–June 2025Interest Payments on External Debt as Share of GDP, 1990–2023World Trade of Lithium-ion Batteries, 2013–2023World Trade of Electric Vehicles, 2017–2023World Trade of Solar Cells, 2013–2023GDP Growth of Asia, the EU, and the US, 1970–2035Asia’s Share in World GDP, 2023 and 2035Asia and EU Relative to US GDP, Exchange Rates, 1970–2035Price Level Index for GDP, 2021 and 2023Asia and EU Relative to US GDP, 1970–2035GDP Growth by Region, 1970–2035Drivers of Asia’s Economic Growth, 1970–2035PPP Revision History for Asian CountriesAsia in World Population, 2023Per Capita GDP of Japan and Asian Tigers, Exchange rate, 1970–2035Per Capita GDP of Japan and Asian Tigers, 1970–2035Per Capita GDP of China, India, ASEAN, and SAARC, 1970–2035Per Capita Non-Mining GDP of Resource-Rich Countries, 2023Initial Per Capita GDP Level and Growth, 1970–2023Sources of Per Capita GDP Gap, 2023Sources of Per Capita GDP Growth, 2010–2023Proportion of the Dependent Population, 2023Demographic Dividend by Country, 1950–2100Demographic Dividend by Country Group, 1950–2100Female Employment Share, 1970, 2000, and 2023Employment Rate, 1970, 2000, and 2023Final Demand Shares by Region, 1970, 2000, and 2023Investment Share by Country, 2000, 2010, and 2023Final Demand Contributions to Economic Growth, 2010–2023Productivity Distributions: IPEF and RCEP Countries, 2023Dependent Population Ratio and Consumption Share, 2015 and 2023Household Consumption by Purpose, 2023FDI Inflows, 2015, 2019, and 2023Business Environment and FDI Inflow Ratio, 2015–2023Investment Share by Type of Produced Asset, 2023Export and Import Shares of Machinery, 1990–2023Net Export Shares in GDP, 1970–2023Export and Import Share in GDP, 2023China’s Solar Cells Export, January 2017–March 2025China’s Lithium-ion Batteries Export, January 2017–March 2025China’s EV Export, January 2017–March 2025Per-Worker Labo