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Overview & Analysis of HighestEfficiency Commercial Solar Panels Authors: Shravan K. Chunduri, Michael Schmela 30 years of lowerdegradationNo gridline on the front0BB on the backBifacial 75%-80%+On-DemandAvoiding hot spotsAnti-shading Executive Summary This 7thedition of the TOP SOLAR MODULES Analysismarks the completion of 4 years since we startedpublishing the monthly feature – TaiyangNews TOPSOLAR MODULES. This feature aims to list thecommercially available high-efficiency modules fromleading integrated suppliers across all mainstreamcell technologies. Since it is impractical to map theentire past data, which, if required, can be accessedfrom our previous reports, this report considers thedata from the last 24 editions of the TOP SOLARMODULES editions. What has also not changed is thatthe efficiency remained the key basis for the analysis.Several parameters, such as top rankings, progress ofproducts in different efficiency pockets, and efficiencydevelopments within a cell technology stream. To ease the analysis, the listed products are groupedinto 4 efficiency bands: >22.5%, >22.0%-22.5%,>21.7%-22.0%, and 21.5%-21.7%.Chapter 5 detailsthe collective progress of each band and the progressof the products listed in each band. An important trendis that the highest-efficiency band (>22.5%) was theleast represented in terms of the number of products2 years ago and has now become the most populousband. Its share in overall products listed in the TOPSOLAR MODULES increased from 16% in January2024 to 47% in December 2025. The lowest-efficiencyrange (21.5%-21.7%), on the other hand, is goingthrough an inverse cycle of this trend. The 21.7%-22.0% band remained the least represented, while the>22.0%-22.5% band serves as a quick stopover beforethe products are upgraded to the next band. Over the evaluation period from January 2024 toDecember 2025, while the number of productsdecreased considerably from 55 to 45, the numberof suppliers for these modules increased marginallyto 33. The dip is mainly because more companiesare focusing on the latest technologies and ceasingdevelopment and commercial activities for PERC.These products are being phased out and are,therefore, excluded from our listing (see Chapter 4.1). Analyzing efficiency progress by cell technologyadds another layer of insight. By the end of 2025,TOPCon emerged as the leading technology, witha 44% share, followed by PERC at 29% and HJT at20%. BC remained the least represented technologyat 7%, underscoring its exclusivity and the challengesof commercializing it (see chapter 6). The chapter alsodetails the individual product development listed undereach cell technology. Speaking of the top 3 ranks, traditionally, this has beenexclusive to BC. Even in this report, the top 2 ranksare still held by BC, while, for the first time, TOPCon ispart of this club at 3rdrank. It is important to note thatmodule makers are continuing to push the limits andinching toward the practical limit of crystalline siliconmodules, with progress remaining consistent. By theend of 2025, the TOP SOLAR MODULES list featured2 commercial module products with efficiencies above24.5% (see chapter 4.2). The top efficiencies of eachtechnology are also equally interesting: BC naturallyleads with 24.8%, TOPCon with 23.7%, HJT with23.5%, and PERC with 21.7% (see chapter 4.3). This report also features a high-level review of modulepower ratings. We evaluate power development in 2ways: by tracking the top 3 power ratings overall andby tracking power progress for each cell technology.Historically, HJT has led the TOP SOLAR MODULESlisting in absolute power. However, this leadershipbecame non-exclusive in H2 2025, when TOPConmatched HJT at the 730 W level (see chapter 7). Finally, Chapter 8 compiles a company-wise summaryof all listed modules, presenting their respectiveefficiency and power standings at a glance. Enjoy reading our report on TOP SOLAR MODULES 2025. Shravan K. ChunduriHead of Technology, TaiyangNewsshravan.chunduri@taiyangnews.info+91 996 327 0005Hyderabad, India Michael SchmelaManaging Director, TaiyangNewsmichael.schmela@taiyangnews.info+49 173 15 70 999Duesseldorf, Germany ABC 490wTOPCon 455W At the same unit CAPEX priceAIKO delivers+7.7%higher profit. Contents Advertisers: © TaiyangNews 2025All rights reserved.TOP SOLAR MODULES 2025ISBN 978-3-949046-35-3 The text, photos and graphs in this report are copyrighted (cover photo credit:LONGi). TaiyangNews does not guarantee reliability, accuracy or completeness ofthis report's content. TaiyangNews does not accept responsibility or liability for anyerrors in this work. Publisher:TaiyangNews UG (haftungsbeschraenkt)Deiker Str. 2440468 Duesseldorf, Germanywww.taiyangnews.info 1. Introduction A few years ago, discussions around solarperformance largely centered on cell efficiency.Today, the focus has shifted. Module efficiency andmodule power have increasingly emerged as themore reliable metrics for comparing technolo