XT…27创意与创新工具

intro 27 creativity & innovation tools is a suitable overview of various commonly used techniques in creativity,innovation, research & development processes. The techniques are grouped by: •Diverging & Convergingtechniques•Open & Closedchallenges / problems•Products & Servicessituations•Individual & Grouptechniques Techniques can be classified in many, many ways, yet the only realmeasure is the passion and comfort you feel with a technique.The only way to really get to know the techniques is to use them.So go ahead, try them and share your experiences. Enjoy the overview!Ramon & Marc PS = Don’t let the idea killers stop you... Before coffee the ideas,after coffee criticism! - Alex Osborn(father of the term brainstorming) diverging & converging index(on one page)! divergence page convergencepage •Attribute listing•Biomimicry•Brainwriting 6-3-5•Challenge assuptions•Osborn checklist•Classical brainstorming•Excursion technique•Harvey Cards•Imaginary brainstorming•Lotus Blossom Technique•More Inspiration•Personal Analogy•Random Input•Redefinition•Reverse Brainstorming•SIT (Systematic Inventice Thinking)•Wishing678910111213141516171819202122 •COCD-Box•Enhancement checklist•Force-field analysis•Hundred Euro test•Idea advocate•Negative Selection•NUF (New Useful Feasible) test•PINC filter•Six thinking hats•Weighted selection24252627282930313233 outro page •Implementation•Compilation3435 ATTRIBUTE LISTINGDivergence Description: Attribute listing is a good technique for ensuring all possible aspects of a problem have been examined. Attribute listing is breaking theproblem down into smaller and smaller bits and seeing what you discover when you do. Steps: 1. List attributes For the object or thing in question, list as many attributes as you can. Thus, for example, a screwdriver has attributes of 'applies torque','metal shaft', etc. It can also be useful to first break the object down into constituent parts and look at the attributes of each part inquestion. Thus you may break the screwdriver into the handle, the shaft and the tip. The tip then has attributes of 'fits screw', 'thin blade',etc. 2. Consider value of attributes For each attribute, ask 'what does this give'? Seek the real value of each attribute. It is also possible thatattributes have 'negative value' -- ie. they detract from the overall value of the object. For example, thehandle of a screwdriver being examined has attributes of 'hexagonal' which have the value of 'helps grip'and 'stops rolling on workbench', but has negative value of 'sharp corners'. 3. Modify attributes Finally look for ways in which you can modify the attributes in some way. Thus you can increase value,decrease negative value or create new value. Thus, for example, you could modify the attributes of thescrewdriver handle to be 'comfortable grip' by adding a rubber sleeve. Example: The attributes of a customer service desk include opening hours, friendliness of service and availability of literature. You could change theopening hours to weekends (but closed during low hours during the week). Friendliness could be improved by keeping records of peopleasking for help and then asking them later how things went. And so on. More information: http://members.optusnet.com.au/~charles57/Creative/Techniques/attributes.htm BIOMIMICRYDivergence Description:Biomimicryis a discipline that studies nature’s best ideas and then imitates these designs and processes to solve human problems. Studying a leaf to invent a better solar cell is an example of this “innovation inspired by nature. Steps: The conscious copying of examples and mechanisms fromnatural organisms and ecologies is a form of applied case-based reasoning, treating nature itself as a database ofsolutions that already work. Proponents argue that theselective pressure placed on all natural life forms minimizesand removes failures. Try to use biological prototypes to get ideas for engineeringsolutions. This approach is motivated by the fact thatbiological organisms and their organs have been welloptimized by evolution. Example: Velcro is the most famous example of biomimetics. In 1948, the Swiss engineer George de Mestral was cleaning his dog of burrs picked upon a walk when he realized how the hooks of the burrs clung to the fur. More information:http://www.biomimicry.net/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionics BRAINWRITING 6-3-5Divergence How to use:individual /groupopen/ closed problemsproducts/ services Description: A creativity tool aimed to address the potential deficiencies of brainstorming (uneven participation andverbally led) by encouraging participation from all, with an emphasis on sketching of ideas. Steps: 1. Establish team & Define scope and purposeA good size team for brainwriting is between 3 to 8 people - 6 is about right, hence the '6' in the name of thetool. As with brainstorming, the process will be more effective with a clear focus. 2. Each team member captures 3 ideas each Ea