2025年10月多维贫困指标更新：新增内容

October2025Update to theMultidimensional Poverty Measure What’s New Gabriel Lara IbarraMinh Cong NguyenDaylan Salmeron GomezCameron Haddad October2025 Keywords:Multidimensional Poverty Measure,October2025. Public Disclosure Authorized Development Data GroupDevelopment Research GroupPoverty and Equity GlobalDepartment GLOBALPOVERTYMONITORINGTECHNICALNOTE49 Abstract Thisnote presents the10theditionof theWorld Bank’s Multidimensional PovertyMeasure (MPM)database,drawing on the latest country data from the GlobalMonitoring Database (GMD)as ofOctober2025.The MPMoffers abroaderviewofpoverty by examining deprivationsalongthree dimensions of well-being: monetarypoverty(measured using the international poverty line at$3.00per person per day in2021PPP), education, andaccess tobasic infrastructure services.Thislatesteditioncovers113economiesforcirca2022,andnotably includesIndiaand Nigeria, whichdrastically increasesthe population coverageof the MPMglobally. Contents 1.Introduction..............................................................................................................................................41.1.What is the Multidimensional Poverty Measure?............................................................................41.2.Methodology....................................................................................................................................41.3.Data source.......................................................................................................................................51.4.Coverage..........................................................................................................................................62.Revisions in the 10th edition of the MPM: What’s New.........................................................................72.1 Key results.............................................................................................................................................73.Modifying weights in the MPM.............................................................................................................104.References..............................................................................................................................................11 1.Introduction 1.1.What is the Multidimensional Poverty Measure? The World Bank’s Multidimensional Poverty Measure (MPM) is an index that reflects the share ofhouseholds in a country experiencing deprivations across three key dimensions of well-being: monetarypoverty, education, and access to essential infrastructureservices. By going beyond income-based metrics,the MPM offers a broader and more nuanced understanding of poverty and human welfare. 1.2.Methodology The Multidimensional Poverty Measure (MPM) consists of six binary indicators organized into three equallyweighted dimensions: monetary standard of living, education, and access to basic infrastructure. The sixindicators are consumption-or income-based poverty, school enrollment, educational attainment, and accessto safe drinking water, adequate sanitation, and electricity. Each indicator takes a value of 1 if the householdis deprived and 0 otherwise. These deprivations are then combined into a single index, with each dimensioncarrying the same weight and each indicator within a dimension sharing that dimension’s weight equally. Ahousehold is classified as multidimensionally poor if its weighted sum of deprivations is at least one-third,meaning it must be deprived in one entire dimension or in a set of indicators across dimensions thatcollectively amount to one full dimension’s weight. The monetary dimension,carrying one-third of the total weight, classifies a household as deprived if its per-person daily consumption or income is below $3.00(2021PurchasingPowerParity).1The educationdimension, also weighted at one-third, is divided into two indicators: enrollment and attainment.A householdis deprived in enrollment if any child of primary-school age (up to grade 8) is not attending school, and it isdeprived in attainment if no household member aged nine or older has completed primary education.Thebasic infrastructure dimension—likewise weightedat one-third—includes three indicators: access to safedrinking water, access to adequate sanitation, and access to electricity. Because the monetary dimensionconsists of a single indicator, anyone identified as income poor automatically meets the threshold formultidimensional poverty. Table 1 outlines the weights and deprivation cutoffs for each MPM dimensionand its respective indicators. 1.3.Data source Data for the MPM comesfromsurveys inthe World Bank’s Global Monitoring Database(GMD).2Thislatest edition draws on data collected over a six-year period(2019–2025) for 113economies,centered aroundtheyearcirca2022.While the GMD standardizes survey data to the extent possible,some differences inquestions and definitions across countries may remain.In addit