2025年全球多维贫困指数报告叠加困境

Overlapping Hardships:Poverty and Climate Hazards The team that created this report included Sabina Alkire, PedroConceição, Nabamallika Dehingia, Maya Evans, Beatriz Jambrina-Canseco, Admir Jahic, Minji Kwag, Niall Maher, Rakesh Mishra,Ricardo Nogales, Stanislav Saling, Lhachi Selden, Som KumarShrestha, Marium Soomro, Nicolai Suppa and Yanchun Zhang.Many thanks go to Fanni Kovesdi for her support with fact-checkingthe report. Fernando Aramayo and Milenka Ocampo supportedthe development of the human story from Bolivia featured in thereport. Maarit Kivilo contributed to the design work at OPHI. Peerreviewers included Radhika Khosla, Antonio Avila-Uribe, and LaraSchwarz. Further gratitude is extended to Nicholas Depsky for hissupport with exploration of the climate data. The team would alsolike to thank the editor, Gretchen Luchsinger.The cover design was realized through a collaboration between human vision and artificial intelligence. Find out more This report describes the 2025 update of the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), whose data are open source andavailable to anyone interested in multidimensional poverty. To further explore the data, read the technical and methodological notes and learn about ongoing research, visit https://hdr.undp.org, https://horizons.hdr.undp.org, and http://ophi.org.uk. Recent global MPI reports have shared research on a variety of pertinent issues:•Poverty amid conflict (2024).•Unstacking global poverty: Data for high impact action (2023).•Unpacking deprivation bundles to reduce multidimensional poverty (2022).•Unmasking disparities by ethnicity, caste and gender (2021).•Charting pathways out of multidimensional poverty: Achieving the SDGs (2020).•Illuminating inequalities (2019). General disclaimer:The designations used and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply any opinion whatsoever con-cerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or its authorities, nor regarding the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. GLOBAL MULTIDIMENSIONALPOVERTY INDEX2025 Overlapping Hardships:Poverty and Climate Hazards Contents A double burden: Poverty and climate change3Key findings3Part I: The 2025 global Multidimensional Poverty Index6Children bear the greatest burden6Middle-income countries: A hidden epicentre of multidimensional poverty6Where poverty hits hardest—stark geographical divides7Subnational data illuminate inequalities beyond the averages8Comparing measures reveals the true scope of poverty10How has poverty changed?12Post-pandemic trends point to stagnation12Part II: Compounding hardships: How climate hazards and poverty overlap14Nearly 80 percent of poor people face climate hazards14The burden of concurrent hazards16Despite poverty reduction, South Asia faces climate challenges18Lower-middle-income countries are most exposed18Patterns of deprivation vary with climate hazards18More heat ahead for the poorest countries21Easing a double burden for people and planet21Technical annex: Measures of high heat, drought, flood and air pollution23Notes24References26Table 1: Multidimensional Poverty Index: developing countries28Table 2: Multidimensional Poverty Index: changes over time based on harmonized estimates31 A double burden: Poverty and climate change The climate crisis is fundamentally changing global poverty. It has left more people than ever at risk of poverty and lesslikely to escape it. Inequalities have worsened while prospects for sustainable development recede. Climate shocks continue to grow in frequency and intensity, leaving a lengthening trail of human suffering anddeprivation. Climate-related disasters pushed around 32 million people from their homes and communities in 2022alone.1Poverty, once seen as mainly a standalone socioeconomic concern, is now inextricably linked with planetarypressures.2Without ambitious efforts to mitigate climate fallout, the number of people in extreme monetary povertycould nearly double by 2050.3 Poverty and climate shocks create a double burden. Poverty drives exposure to climate hazards. These, in turn, reinforceand prolong poverty. This interconnectedness is a defining characteristic of the Anthropocene, an era in which humanactivity has so fundamentally altered the Earth’s systems that environmental and social problems can only be resolvedtogether.4 This 2025 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report, for the first time, overlays data on climate hazards andmultidimensional poverty to assess how exposed poor people are to climate shocks. Section 1 summarizes findings fromthe latest calculation of the MPI. Section 2 considers the close links between poverty and climate shocks. It probes fourhazards: high heat, drought, floods and air pollution. Since 2010, the global MPI has measured acute multidimensional poverty across more than 100 developing countries.It gauges progress on the first Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on ending poverty as well as inte