重塑中东和北非地区和世界供水的8个趋势

[Data in thousand metric tons, potassium oxide (K2O) equivalent, unless otherwise specified] Domestic Production and Use:In 2023, the estimated sales value of marketable potash, free on board (f.o.b.) mine,was $570 million, which was 20% lower than that in 2022. The majority of U.S. production was from southeasternNew Mexico, where two companies operated two underground mines and one deep-well solution mine. Sylvinite andlangbeinite ores in New Mexico were beneficiated by flotation, dissolution-recrystallization, heavy-media separation,solar evaporation, and (or) combinations of these processes. In Utah, two companies operated three facilities. Onecompany extracted underground sylvinite ore by deep-well solution mining. Solar evaporation crystallized the sylviniteore from the brine solution, and a flotation process separated the muriate of potash (MOP) from byproduct sodiumchloride. The firm also processed subsurface brines by solar evaporation and flotation to produce MOP at its otherfacility. Another company processed brine from the Great Salt Lake by solar evaporation to produce potassium sulfateor sulfate of potash (SOP) and other byproducts. Potash denotes a variety of mined and manufactured salts that contain the element potassium in water-soluble form.In agriculture, the term potash refers to potassic fertilizers, which are potassium chloride (KCl), SOP, and potassiummagnesium sulfate (SOPM) or langbeinite. MOP is an agriculturally acceptable mix of KCl (95% pure or greater) andsodium chloride for fertilizer use. The fertilizer industry used about 85% of U.S. potash sales, and the remainder wasused for chemical and industrial applications. About 70% of the potash produced was SOPM and SOP, which arerequired to fertilize certain chloride-sensitive crops. The remainder of production was MOP and was used foragricultural and chemical applications. 20192020202120222023e5104604804304004805004904004705,1505,3706,4804,9405,0001451471122671605,5005,7006,9005,1005,3008208501,1201,7901,2104804506509806409009009009009009192939291 Salient Statistics—UnitedStates:Production, marketable1 Sales by producers, marketable1Imports for consumptionExportsConsumption, apparent1, 2Price, average, f.o.b. mine, dollars per metric ton of K2O equivalent:All products3MOPEmployment, mine and mill, numberNet import reliance4as a percentage of apparent consumption Recycling:None. Import Sources (2019–22):Canada, 77%; Russia, 11%; Belarus, 6%; and other, 6%. Tariff:Item Potassium nitratePotassium chloridePotassium chloride, less than or equal to 62% K2OPotassium chloride, greater than 62% K2OPotassium sulfatePotassic fertilizers, other Depletion Allowance:14% (domestic and foreign). Government Stockpile:None. Events, Trends, and Issues:In 2023, domestic production of potash was lower than that in 2022, owing to lower MOPand SOPM production. Consumption of potash was estimated to have increased over that in 2022, as sales increasedowing to lower potash prices and good weather conditions in the planting season compared with those in 2022. POTASH World production was lower in 2023 owing to producers drawing down potash inventories that had increased in 2022,after supply uncertainty from economic sanctions on Belarus and Russia caused potash prices to rise in the first halfof 2022. Prices began to fall in the second half of 2022 as stocks increased, and this trend carried into 2023. Production in Canada was lower in part owing to a dock workers strike in July 2023 that curtailed shipments of potashfrom the port of Vancouver, British Columbia. This led to temporary closures of some mines in Canada. Productionresumed at those mines after the strike was settled in August. Production and exports from Belarus were lower thanthose in 2022. Belarus shifted to exporting potash by rail to China and from ports in Russia, but its exports remainedwell below the levels in prior to 2022 when it had been one of the leading exporters. World consumption of potash infertilizers was estimated to have increased to 37.1 million metric tons in 2023 from 35.7 million tons in 2022. Asia andSouth America remained the leading regions for potash consumption. World annual potash production capacity was projected to increase to about 67.6 million tons of K2O by 2026 from64.3 million tons of K2O in 2023. Most of the increase would be MOP from new mines and expansion projects in Laosand Russia. New MOP mines in Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, Morocco, Spain, and the United States wereplanned to begin operation past 2026. World Mine Production and Reserves:Reserves for China, Laos, and Russia were revised based on Governmentreports. World Resources:5Estimated domestic potash resources total about 7 billion tons. Most of these lie at depthsbetween 1,800 and 3,100 meters in a 3,110-square-kilometer area of Montana and North Dakota as an extension ofthe Williston Basin deposits in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. The Paradox Basin in Utah contains