东南亚公正和包容性转型指标手册（英）2025

Southeast AsiaIndicators Handbook INTERNATIONAL ENERGY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy, IEAMember IEAAssociation AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFrance ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgypt This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of The EuropeanCommission also Acknowledgments TheSoutheast Asia Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions wasprepared by the People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions Programme in the Office of TheIndicators Handbook was designed and directed by Jane Cohen and ElspethHathaway. Lead authors were Juliette Denis-Senez, Matthieu Prin, Jacopo Pasqualotto Brian Motherway, Head of EEIT, provided overall strategic guidance to the report. Valuable comments, feedback and guidance were provided by other IEA colleaguesincluding (in alphabetical order): Natalie Kauf, Michael McGovern, Ranya Oualid, SimonRolland, Renee Stephens, Jemima Storey, Jun Takashiro, Evi Wahyuningsih and Hasti Thank you to the copyeditor, Erin Crum, and the IEA Communications and Digital Office(CDO) for their support including Poeli Bojorquez, Astrid Dumond and Liv Gaunt. Thank you to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesiawho co-hosted an in-person stakeholder workshop in Jakarta in July 2025 in preparation Regional case studies brought valuable insights and we are grateful to the JETP Indonesiasecretariat,Clean,Affordable and Secure Energy(CASE)for Southeast Asia,theIndonesian Ministry of Finance, Geres, SNV International the Philippines Department ofEnergy, Mee Panyar, GIZ Indonesia, Youth for Energy in Southeast Asia, the ASEAN This Indicators Handbook would not have been possible without the support of the TaraClimate Foundation and the IEA Clean Energy Transitions Programme, the IEA flagship Table of contents Introduction............................................................................................................................... 6Just and inclusive energy transitions: Turning principles into measurable action........7Southeast Asia overview ............................................................................................9 Energy planning for just and inclusive energy transitions ............................................... 22 Emerging practices and approaches to track progress on energy planning for just andinclusive energy transitions ......................................................................................22 Theme 1: Jobs and skills....................................................................................................... 28 Fossil fuel phase out and ensuring just energy transitions........................................28Clean energy opportunities ......................................................................................29Critical minerals job growth ......................................................................................30Education and skills for the energy workforce of tomorrow.......................................30 Access to electricity and clean cooking ....................................................................42Household energy spending and affordability...........................................................43Distributional impacts of energy policies...................................................................44 Theme 3: Social inclusion and participation....................................................................... 54Social dialogue and stakeholder engagement ..........................................................54Ensuring policy inclusiveness...................................................................................54 Respecting Indigenous rights in clean energy transitions .........................................56Emergingpractices and approaches to track progress on social inclusion and Conclusions and next steps.................................................................................................. 68Annexes................................................................................................................................... 69Annex A - Voluntary Ten Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions......................69Annex B - Selected indicators tracked on just and inclusive energy transitions inSoutheast Asia .........................................................................................................71 Introduction Energydemand in Southeast Asia1 is growing,driven by rapidly growingpopulationand economies,industrialisation and urbanisation.Clean energyproduction has a key role to play in meeting this demand and many countries in the region are changing their energy mix to increase the share of renewabl