欧盟和欧洲经济区实现消除肝炎的乙肝疫苗接种政策、做法和挑战

ECDCSURVEILLANCE&MONITORING Hepatitis B vaccination policies, practicesand challenges to achieving hepatitis This report by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated byErika Duffell. Theinitialdraftwas produced by Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections (CHIP), Copenhagen, Denmark, under Specificcontract No3ECD.16132by Marie-Louise Jakobsen with input from Oleksandr Korotych,Sarah North, Anne Raahauge,Dorthe Acknowledgements ECDC would like to acknowledge the support and guidance provided by members of the ECDCMonitoringAdvisoryGroup forViralHepatitis. ECDC would also like to thank the following individuals for their invaluable input in providing hepatitis monitoring datato ECDC: Ziad El-Khatib, Irene Kászoni-Rückerl, Lena König, Jiale Lin, Thomas Reiberger, Irene Schmutterer, Margit Winterleitner(Austria); Benoit Kabamba, Laure Mortgat, Els Plettinckx, Michael Peeters, Dominique van Beckhoven, Thomas Vanwolleghem(Belgium); Mariya Tyufekchieva, Tonka Varleva (Bulgaria); Croatia: Maja Ilic, Tatjana Nemeth-Blažić, Adriana Vince (Bulgaria);Fani Theophanous Czechia: Jitka Cástková, Vratislav Nemecek (Cyprus); Anders Koch, Louise Hedevang Holm, Maria Wessman(Denmark); Jevgenia Epštein, Irina Filippova (Estonia); Henrikki Brummer-Korvenkontio, Tuula Hannila-Handelberg, Kirsi Liitsola,Henna Rautiainen, Sunna Wesberg (Finland); Cécile Brouard, Florence Lot, Claire Sauvage, Sophie Vaux (France); SandraDudavera, Amrei Krings, Ida Sperle-Heupel, Gyde Steffen, Ruth Zimmermann (Germany); Stergios Georgoulas, GeorgiaNikolopoulou, George Papatheodoridis, Ioanna Samiou, Panagiota Touloumi, Sois Zoutsos (Greece); Emese Kozma, MihályMakara, Zsuzsanna Molnár, Gyula Mucsi (Hungary); Guðrún Aspelund, Már Kristjánsson (Iceland); Jeff Connell, Suzanne Cotter,Cillian De Gascun, Derval Igoe, Joanne Moran, AidenMcCormick, Niamh Murphy, Aisling O'Leary, Mary O'Riordan (Ireland); LoretaKondili, Francesco Maraglino, Barbara Suligoi, Maria Elena Tosti, Sabrina Valle (Italy); Inga Ažiņa, Raina Nikiforova, SergesNikisins (Latvia); Silvia Dehler, Esther Walser-Domjan(Liechtenstein); Giedrė Aleksienė, Viktoras Bumšteinas, Aušra Guobužaitė,Ligita Jančorienė, Ginreta Megelinskienė, Jurgita Pakalniškienė, Kęstutis Rudaitis, Birutė Semėnaitė (Lithuania); Carole Devaux,Patrick Hoffmann, Joël Mossong, Pit Braquet (Luxembourg); Michael Borg, Chris Barbara, Moses Camilleri, Chris Cremona, CharlesMallia Azzopardi, Jackie Melillo, Tanya Melillo, David Pace, Anna Maria Vella (Malta); Silke David, Jaap Maas, Annemarie Meiberg,Eline Op de Coul, Marleen van Dijk, Tom Woudenberg (Netherlands); Robert Whittaker. Poland: Małgorzata Stępień, KarolinaZakrzewska (Norway); Joana Bettencourt, Rui Tato Marinho, Cristina Valente (Portugal); Odette Popovici (Romania); MáriaAvdičová, Janka Kerlik, Adriana Mečochová (Slovakia); Lina Berlot,Jože Hren, Marta Aleš Korošec, Irena Klavs, Janja KrižmanMiklavčič, Tanja Kustec, Eva Leban, Mojca Matičič, Mario Poljak, Urška Rahne Potokar, Veronika Učakar, Grgič Vitek (Slovenia); Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.Hepatitis B vaccination policies, practicesand challenges to achieving hepatitis elimination in the European Union and European Economic Area.Stockholm: Stockholm,November 2025 ISBN978-92-9498-835-5doi:10.2900/2582195 © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,2025 Contents Abbreviations...............................................................................................................................................ivExecutive summary........................................................................................................................................1Introduction..................................................................................................................................................2Burden of hepatitis B virus..............................................................................................................................3Acute hepatitis B notifications....................................................................................................................3Route of transmission...............................................................................................................................4HBV vaccination.............................................................................................................................................6National vaccination policy.........................................................................................................................6National childhood vaccination...................................................................................................................7Vaccination of key populations...................................................................................................................8HBV vaccination related to the prevention of m