农村复兴：非洲的电信公司和可持续能源

Rural renewal:telcos and November 2024 The GSMA is a global organisation unifying themobile ecosystem to discover, develop and deliverinnovation foundational to positive businessenvironments and societal change. Our vision isto unlock the full power of connectivity so thatpeople, industry and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across themobile ecosystem and adjacent industries, theGSMA delivers for its members across three broad GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of globalmobile operator data, analysis and forecasts, andpublisher of authoritative industry reports andresearch. Our data covers every operator group,network and MVNO in every country worldwide GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors, regulators, financial institutions andthird-party industry players, to support strategicdecision-making and long-term investment Our team of analysts and experts produce regularthought-leading research reports across a range of We invite you to find out more at gsma.comFollow the GSMA on X: @GSMA www.gsmaintelligence.com info@gsmaintelligence.com AuthorsTim Hatt, Head of Research and ConsultingEmanuel Kolta, Lead Analyst, Network Sustainability and Innovation ContributorsGeorge Kibala BauerKamal Tamawa Published November 2024Copyright © 2024 GSMA Intelligence Contents Executive summary 1The rural energy challenge1.1The strain on P&L1.2Environmental ramifications 2Energy analysis of African operators2.1Scope of research data2.2Operator energy use in Africa2.3Levels of energy efficiency 3Infrastructure and financing strategies3.1The ESCO model3.2The ABC model 4Case study: DRC4.1Market context and energy landscape4.2Implementation and financing models for renewable power 5Case study: Ethiopia5.1Market context and energy landscape5.2Implementation and financing models for renewable power 6Case study: Nigeria6.1Market context and energy landscape6.2Implementation and financing models for renewable power 7Learnings and outlook307.1Learnings on the ESCO model307.2Learnings on the ABC model30 Executive summary The renewables deficit The economics of rolling out networks in ruralareas for the telecoms industry have long provedchallenging. The difficulties centre on running a high it equates to about 300 terawatt hours per year.Rising data traffic from the 5G mix effect in thesubscriber base, enterprise digitisation, exposure to Beyond the financials, there are the obviousenvironmental ramifications of the energy challenge.In aggregate, mobile and fixed networks operated by In Sub-Saharan Africa, renewables account for justover 20% of electricity generation from the grid, buttheir share of the power draw for mobile operators Energy efficiency in Africa To examine the state and outlook for energyuse among African telecoms operators, GSMAIntelligence ran a data gathering exercise involvingmost of the largest telecoms operators in the region.The analysis is a regional extension to the GSMA The exercise included seven operator groups (AirtelAfrica, Axian, Ethio Telecom, MTN, Orange, Safaricomand Vodacom), 34 countries and 45 individual mobilenetworks run by the aforementioned operators. The Operators in Africa are running at a lower level ofenergy efficiency in their mobile networks than theaverage globally. The amount of energy neededto power data traffic is around 0.24 kWh per GB, Recommendations Across the region, there are significant differenceswhen it comes to progress on energy access. Whilecountries such as Ghana, Kenya and Rwanda havemade significant progress over the last decade and —Offering subsidies or tax incentives, wherepossible, for green energy solutions to reduce —Designating telecoms infrastructure as criticalnational infrastructure for prioritisation of access —Reforming energy market designs and speeding The next step is to develop more granular feasibilityassessments for renewable energy deployments inthe rural areas highlighted in this report. These are —Incentivising financial institutions to structureinnovative financing for green energy projects by Governments can help resolve some of the barriers torenewable deployments, in terms of land access andbuilding rights, tax and overall incentives for foreigninvestors and development financial institutions Mobile operators can help by modernising theirnetworks to use more energy-efficient architectures, With the advent of 5G, network sunsets havebecome a question of when, not if. Various factorshave encouraged operators to shut down oldertechnologies and migrate spectrum resources to Governments in Africa can help enable investmentin renewable energy developments through the —Zero-rating of import duty on green energyequipment and accessories to support the Operators can also help by sharing tower locationdata for integrated energy planning. Renewablesinvestment projects need to take into account futureenergy demand as network upgrades will mean —Encouraging ne