先进空中交通：塑造航空的未来

W H I T EP A P E RJ U L Y2 0 2 4 Contents Foreword3 Executive summary4 1Advanced air mobility: The disruptive force transforming aviation5 2The diverse AAM landscape82.1 Systematizing AAM use cases82.2 Key enabling factors10 3Sectors pioneering AAM13 3.1 Healthcare133.2 Logistics for remote areas143.3 (Sub)urban passenger transport15 Conclusion16 Contributors17 Endnotes20 Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forumbut whose results do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders. © 2024 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system. Foreword Sebastian BuckupHead, Network andPartnerships; Member,Executive Committee, WorldEconomic Forum, Switzerland Javier GonzálezPartner, Kearney; GlobalCo-Lead, Kearney Centerfor Advanced Mobility, Spain We stand at the beginning of a transformative erain aviation, driven by new possibilities brought bygroundbreaking technologies and a critical need forsustainability. To support this transformation, theWorld Economic Forum has launched the AVIATE:Advanced Air Mobility initiative. Central to AVIATE isa commitment to the safe, sustainable and equitableintegration of advanced air mobility and autonomousaviation technologies into the global airspace. Itfocuses on the nascent sub-sector of advancedair mobility (AAM), given that this will be the firstone to adopt the new technological advancementsin the sky, from automation to electric propulsionsystems, and from advanced materials to next-gencommunication systems. also outlines different stages in the road towardsmore automation in aviation operations, given thatincreased levels of automation will be key in theroadmap for financially viable AAM operations. Thepaper also emphasizes the infrastructure needed tointroduce AAM, which is often overlooked in favourof discussions around aircraft certification. Finally, this paper identifies and elaborates on someuse cases of AAM, from passenger transport tocargo delivery and medical services, underscoringhow these applications could transform theapproach to mobility and logistics. The insightspresented are the product of extensive discussionswith the AVIATE: Advanced Air Mobility community. The reasons to help enable the nascent sector ofAAM are manifold. First, the societal relevance ofAAM in a wide variety of sectors: from the deliveryof logistics to difficult-to-reach locations, to speedyresponse in healthcare emergencies, from the fightagainst wildfires to precision agriculture. Second, thesafety benefits: air travel is already the safest mode oftransport, yet 80%1of the existing aviation accidentsare caused by human error. Autonomous technologiescan help address this, as well as addressing theincreasing shortage of pilots in more and moregeographies. And third, the economic implicationsof AAM: the potential value of AAM will be highlysignificant by 2030, involving an entire value chain andresulting in the creation of numerous new jobs. Throughout its various phases, AVIATE’s missionis to assist the private and public sectorsin understanding the complexities of thesetechnological advancements, to identify bestpractices that maximize their benefits and minimizeunintended risks, and to facilitate the deploymentof these technologies globally through the WorldEconomic Forum’s network of independent Centresfor the Fourth Industrial Revolution. To date, the initiative has engaged more than 30entities in the broader aviation ecosystem, a strongmultistakeholder community including constituentsfrom the public sector, private sector, civil societyand research institutions. This collaborativeeffort will keep evolving in subsequent phases,propelled by the collective aim of achieving amore sustainable and innovative aviation sector.Together, we can redefine the boundaries of what isachievable in the skies and beyond. This white paper marks the end of the first phaseof the AVIATE: Advanced Air Mobility initiative.It outlines the main use cases of AAM and thekey enablers needed to make them a reality. It Executive summary Advanced air mobility (AAM) is spearheadinginnovative new technology in the aviation industry.Despite a strong history of automation, the sectoris yet to create a clear taxonomy towards fullautonomy, which is necessary for all stakeholdersto agree on the required standards and regulations.This white paper supports a spectrum of humanin-, on- and over-the-loop, with increasing levels ofremote control and numbers of vehicles handledeven as direct human intervention and responsibilit