愿森林与你同在：绘制尼泊尔的风景和生计图（英）2025

Mapping Nepal’s ForestLandscapes and Livelihoods Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank withexternal contribution. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflectthe views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or thegovernments they represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy,reliability or completeness of the content included in thiswork, or the conclusions or judgments described herein, andaccepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions orerrors (including, without limitation, typographical errors,and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliancethereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and otherinformation shown on any map in this work do not imply anyjudgment on the part of the World Bank Group concerning thelegal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptanceof such boundaries. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflectthe views of the organizations of the World Bank Group, theirrespective Boards of Executive Directors, and the governmentsthey represent. © 2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org The contents of this work are intended for generalinformational purposes only and are not intended to constitutelegal, securities, or investment advice, an opinion regardingthe appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitation ofany type. Some of the organizations of the World Bank Groupor their affiliates may have an investment in, provide otheradvice or services to, or otherwise have a financial interest in,certain of the companies and parties named herein. Nothingherein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be alimitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities ofany of the organizations of The World Bank Group, all of whichare specifically reserved. Attribution Rights and Permissions Please cite the work as follows:World Bank. 2025.“May the Forest Be With You: Mapping Nepal'sLandscapes and Livelihoods”. Washington D.C., The World BankGroup. The material in this work is subject to copyright.Because The World Bank Group encouragesdissemination of its knowledge, this work may bereproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercialpurposes as long as full attribution to this workis given and all further permissions that may berequired for such use (as noted herein) are acquired.Photographs from other sources excepted. TheWorld Bank Group does not warrant that thecontent contained in this work will not infringeon the rights of third parties and accepts noresponsibility or liability in this regard. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights,should be addressed to: World Bank Publications,The World Bank Group,1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433, USAFax: 202-522-2625;E-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. All maps cleared by the World Bank Cartography Unit. Report design and layout: Suyog ShresthaPhotos credited to Amuse Communications in this report havebeen provided to the World Bank for public use.Cover photo: World Bank / Chime Tashi Lama Table of Contents Executive Summary (English Version)1 Executive Summary (Nepali Version)5 Chapter 1. Background and objectives131.1.Country context131.2.Objectives17 Chapter 2. Supporting federalism in the forest sector through subnational biophysicaldata on forest extent and conditions192.1.Key findings from subnational biophysical forest data212.2.Recommended use cases of subnational biophysical forest data32 Chapter 3. Supporting improvements in livelihoods from forests and improving diversityand inclusion403.1.National averages for forest-based livelihoods423.2.Inclusion in forest-based livelihoods by consumption expenditure453.3.Recommendations and use cases50 Chapter 4. Conclusion and future work55 Figures Figure 1.1.Forest cover in Nepal (1964-2022)Figure 2.1.Forest cover in Nepal by forest type, 2022Figure 2.2.Percentage of forest cover by province, 2022Figure 2.3.Range of local level forest cover by province, 2022Figure 2.4.Forest fragmentation in Nepal as measured by patch density, 2022Figure 2.5.Tree canopy cover (%) for Nepal, 2022Figure 2.6.Tree canopy height (meters) for Nepal, 2022Figure 3.1.Access to public forests and private trees by per-capita consumption quintilesFigure 3.2.Collection of NTFPs from public forests in the last 12 months by per capita consumptionexpenditureFigure 3.3.Collection of NTFPs from private trees in the last 12 months by per capita consumptionexpenditureFigure 3.4.Perceived importance of NTFPs from public forests as compared to annual food purchased andtotal consumption expenditure by consumption quintilesFigure 3.5.Perceived value of NTFPs from private trees and plants as compared to annual food purchasedand total consumption expenditure by consumption quintiles Tables Table 2.1.Forest types of Nepal