2025年世界聚变展望

3RDEDITION IAEAWORLD FUSIONOUTLOOK2025 “Fusion energyrepresents morethan just a newpower source. It is acatalyst for scientificinnovation, industrialtransformationand internationalcooperation.” IAEA Director General,Rafael Mariano Grossi The fusion energy landscape continues to developat an extraordinary pace. What was once confined toexperimental research and long term aspirations is nowrapidly becoming a cornerstone of national energystrategies and industrial planning. Countries are formulatingdedicated fusion policies, companies are selecting sitesand designing the first generation of power plants, andregulatory bodies are beginning to issue tailored guidance.End users are entering into power purchase agreements,utilities are forging strategic alliances with fusiondevelopers, and major industries — from automotive andaerospace to digital technology and conventional energy —are incorporating fusion into their long term portfolios. Thisconvergence of scientific progress, commercial interest andpolicy attention marks a decisive shift: fusion energy isentering a new phase of real world implementation. combines cutting edge analysis of scientific and technicaldevelopments with in-depth reporting on fusion plantsiting, emerging national policies, and new patterns ofinternational collaboration and market engagement. Forthe first time, it also includes global modelling of fusionenergy deployment, showcasing the findings of a studyundertaken by the Massachusetts Institute of Technologyto explore how fusion could contribute to future electricitysystems across a range of policy, cost and technologicalassumptions. Fusion energy is not advancing along a single, uniformtrajectory. Instead, it is progressing through multipleparallel efforts, reflecting the diversity of technologies,approaches and regional contexts that are currently shapingthe fusion industry. Today, nearly 40 countries operateactive fusion programmes. Global private investment hassurpassed US $10 billion. More than 160 fusion devices arenow operational, under construction or planned, rangingfrom pilot plants aiming for demonstration in the near term The IAEA World Fusion Outlook, launched in 2023,provides a structured, authoritative view of this dynamicand fast-evolving global landscape. The 2025 edition responsibility to pursue its development wisely, sustainablyand with respect for intellectual property rights. Therealization of this transformative technological achievementwill require sustained public investment and rigorousinternational standards, supported by the collaborativeefforts of governments, industry and civil society. to larger scale facilities laying the foundations for futureindustrial deployment. This diversity is a strength, enablinginnovation and resilience as the field explores multiplepaths towards commercialization. To foster coherence amid this growing diversity, the IAEAestablished the World Fusion Energy Group in 2024.This global initiative brings together public and privatestakeholders, research institutions, academia and regulatoryauthorities to enhance dialogue, align efforts and shareemerging best practices. As part of this initiative, theIAEA convened leading experts to define a set of FusionKey Elements — a shared conceptual foundation to guideinternational efforts in research and development, safety,financing, and commercialization in the years ahead. The IAEA remains committed to supporting all MemberStates in this important endeavour. I hope that the WorldFusion Outlook 2025 will continue to serve as a trustedreference and common foundation for the global fusioncommunity as we collectively chart the course towards afusion powered future.■ Fusion energy represents more than just a new powersource. It is a catalyst for scientific innovation, industrialtransformation and international cooperation. Its promise—clean, safe, abundant energy for all — comes with the “It is importantto deepen thecollaboration betweenindustry, universitiesand research institutesto ensure that fusionenergy developmentremains innovative,coordinated andcollaborative.” Shan Zhongde,Chairman, China Atomic Energy Authority be developed openly, safely andinnovatively in order to realize its fullpotential. Chinese President Xi Jinpinghas pointed out that“the peaceful useof nuclear energy is an importantway to ensure energy security andto address climate change. Like thefire that Prometheus brought to theworld, nuclear energy has ignitedthe flame of hope and opened up abright future for mankind.” The Earth is home to all humanbeings, and the global quest for peace,development, cooperation and mutualbenefit has never been more important.It is our common aspiration to buildan open, inclusive, clean and beautifulworld of lasting peace, universalsecurity and shared prosperity. Thepursuit of low carbon energy iscritical to our future. China attachesgreat importance to this endeavourand is actively advancing the energyrevolution through its c