2025年世界水电展望

Opportunities toadvance net zero Supported by: Contents Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................4Foreword: Malcolm Turnbull...............................................................................................................................4Executive summary....................................................................................................................................................5Global overview...................................................................................................................................................................9Pipeline analysis.........................................................................................................................................................10Hydropower in numbers....................................................................................................................................16The role of hydropower in an era of low energy prices..........................................................17Topics..........................................................................................................................................................................................21Pumped storage hydropower: investing in system resilience...........................................22Climate................................................................................................................................................................................26Hydropower in a changing climate: challenges and opportunities.............................26Understanding and managing reservoir emissions...................................................................29The growing role of the Hydropower Sustainability Standard.........................................32Global trends.......................................................................................................................................................................35North and Central America...............................................................................................................................41South America..............................................................................................................................................................49Europe.................................................................................................................................................................................57Africa.....................................................................................................................................................................................65South and Central Asia.........................................................................................................................................73East Asia and Pacific................................................................................................................................................83Installed capacity and generation 2024....................................................................................................92 ForewordMalcolm Turnbull, IHA President Hydropower is playing an increasingly vital role in the global energy transition. As theworld’s largest source of renewable electricity, it delivers not only clean energy butalso the flexibility, reliability and resilience needed to support power systems thatare increasingly dependent on variable sources like wind and solar. Encouragingly,this year’s World Hydropower Outlook shows that new capacity is accelerating afterseveral years of stagnation. And in the face of growing climate volatility, we must build not just clean energysystems, but resilient ones. Hydropower, when developed sustainably, is uniquelyplaced to support communities during droughts and floods, acting as a strategicwater resource while also reducing emissions. This year, as we celebrate our 30th anniversary, IHA will continue to push for marketand policy reform, foster collaboration across the diverse spectrum of stakeholdersinvolved in hydropower, and champion sustainable practices globally. We will alsodeepen our regional presence to support local stakeholders, while scaling up ourfocus on pumped storage through crucial initiatives such as the Global Alliance forPumped Storage and the #Pumpedforpower campaign. While we are seeing strong progress on pumped storage hydropower, particularlyin China, India, Europe and Australia, it is clear that the market alone will not deliver.Continued momentum will require bold policy action, including reforms to rewardhydropower’s multiple benefits, and faster permitting. The upcoming International Forum on Pumped Storage Hydropower in Paris thisSeptember will be a pivotal moment – bringing toget