2024年全球自然灾害评估报告
Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency ManagementMinistry of Emergency Management Ministry of EducationNational Disaster Reduction Center of China, Ministry of Emergency ManagementChina Association for Disaster Preventionintegrated Research on Disaster Risk October2025 Executive Summary Compared with the average for the last 30 years (1994-2023), the major natural disasters in 2024showed an 8% decrease in frequency, a 74% reduction in fatalities, a 42% smaller affected populationand a 49% increase in direct economic losses. Among these disasters, floods were the most frequent,with a total of 128 times, Compared to the averagefor the last 30 years, the frequency of such eventsdecreased by 15%6, and the affected population dropped by approximately 54%, although the largest at48.8424milion.Stormscausedthehighestdirecteconomiclosses,amountingtoUSD172.591bllionSeismic activities decreased, resulting in 602 deaths, representing a 98% reduction in fatalities.Wildfires saw a 74% increase infatalities though directeconomic losses fell by9%6. Landslides occuredmorefrequently, with fatalities spiking 172% and the affected population rising by a factorof14, alongside a 9% increase in direct economic losses. Regionally, Asia recorded the most disaster events,totaling 130, followed by Africa and South America, It also accounted for the highest number of deathsdue to disasters globally, followed by Africa. North America suffered the highest economic losses, withAsia in second place, Natural disasters predominantly struck economically underdeveloped countries,mainly involving extreme temperatures and floods. Special Report 2 focuses on extreme heat events, highlighting that the Middle East, as one of theregions with the highest global climate risks, exhibits significant characteristics of systemic,compound, and cross-border transmission. It grapples long-tem with multiple threats such asextreme heat, water scarcity, severe sandstorms, and rising sea levels, creating cross-border spillovereffects through ecological chains, trade networks, and geopolitical channels, Currently, the climaterisksinthe Middle Eastare deeply intertwined withregionalgovernancedeficiencies and socio-economicconflicts,formingavicious cycleofenvironmental degradation-resourcecompetition-securityinstability", which poses multifaceted challenges to sustainable development 5pecial Report 3 concentrates on cross-border disaster events, analyzing the cross-regional andcross-industry economic impacts of the Super Typhoon Yagi on China and neighboring SoutheastAsian countries. Through a systematic assessment of the cascading transmission paths of disasterlosses, it was found that the indirect economic losses caused by Typhoon Yagi have surpassedregional boundaries, generating systemic spillover effects through global supply chain networks.This indicates that the spatial vulnerability of modern industrial chains is significant, wherein thedominant factors in the transmission of disasterimpacts have shiftedfrom geographical proximityto multiple dimensions such as trade linkages, industrial coupling, and transport connectivity.Future disaster risk management therefore needs to break through traditional regional limita-tions, establishing a global climate resilience collaborative mechanism anchored inglobal supplychains, transportation chains, and trade chains Special Report1showsthatin2024,natural disastersin China wereprimarilycaused byfloods,geologjcal hazards,typhoon,haistorms,lowtempraturefreezingeathr,andheavysnowfall,whileothdisasters such as droughts, earthquakes, forest and grassland fires, and sandstomms also occurred tovarying degrees, Compared to the average of the last 10 years (2014-2023), the number of affectedpeople, deaths and missing persons, and collapsed houses due to disasters decreased by 36.8%,12.1%, and 69.5% respectively, while direct economic losses increased by 12.1%, Compared to 2023,the number of affected people and collapsed houses in China declined by 1.4% and 69.2% respectivelybut the number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters and direct economic losses increasedby 23.9% and 16.2% respectively. Reduction infatalities Increaseindirecteconomic losse5 CONTENTS General Report 04Special Report 3AssessmentofCross-BorderEEconomicImpactsfromTyphoonYagi Global Natural Disasters in 2024 1. Overview of global natural disasters in 202403 2. Characteristics of global natural disasters in 202405 1.Disaster backgroundand overview71 3. Global patterns of natural disasters in 202413 2. Cross-regional economic spillover effects72 4. Comparison of natural disasters between China and25therestoftheworld in2024 4.Conclusion and discussion80 Special Report 1 Annex NaturalDisastersinChinain2024 1. Overview of natural disasters31 AnnexI81 3.Trend analysis ofdisasterindicators45 Annex III91 AnnexIV93 Special Report 2 03 ExtremeHeatEventsintheMiddleEast 1.Overviewofglobal climate change532. Extreme heat events
