社区环境手部卫生指南

Guidelines on Hand Hygienein Community Settings Guidelines on Hand Hygienein Community Settings Contents ForewordvAcknowledgementsviAcronyms and abbreviationsviiiGlossaryixExecutive summaryxi 1.Introduction1.1Background1.2Purpose, target audience and scope1.2.1Purpose1.2.2Target audience1.2.3Scope 333 1.3Guiding principles1.4Structure 2.Hand hygiene in community settings for public health:7a government responsibility 2.1Recommendation1:policy,legal,regulatoryandfiscalmeasurestopromotehandhygiene 2.2Remarks72.2.1An important public health measure72.2.2Government responsibility82.2.3Promotion9 2.3Rationale 9 3.Effectivehandhygiene103.1Recommendation2:effectivematerials,techniqueandkeytimesforpractising10handhygieneincommunitysettings 3.2Remarks103.2.1Hand hygiene materials103.2.2Technique113.2.3Key times12 3.3Rationale133.3.1Hand hygiene materials133.3.2Technique143.3.3Key times14 4.1Recommendation3:corerequirementsforpractisinghandhygieneincommunitysettings15 4.2Remarks154.2.1Core requirement (a): Minimum material needs174.2.2Core requirement (b): Information on why, when and how to clean hands.194.2.3Core requirement (c): A conducive environment21 4.3Rationale254.3.1Identifying the core requirements for hand hygiene in community settings254.3.2Definingthecorerequirements26 5.Government measures to strengthen hand hygiene systems:27implementation guidance 5.1Frameworkforasystemtodelivercorerequirementsforhandhygiene275.1.1Services295.1.2Enabling environment295.1.3Institutional and structural factors315.2Systemactorsandtheirrolesandresponsibilities325.2.1Local administration325.2.2Service providers335.3Integrationofhandhygienewithinrelatedpolicyareas366.Methods used for developing these Guidelines376.1Contributorsandmanagementofconflictsofinterest376.1.1GuidelineSteeringCommittee376.1.2GuidelineDevelopmentGroup376.1.3Systematicreviewteam386.1.4Guidelinemethodologist386.1.5ChampionCountryWorkingGroup386.1.6ProductDesignandImpactteam386.1.7Externalreviewgroup386.1.8Managementofconflictsofinterest386.2Recommendation development process396.2.1Scopingandquestionformulation396.2.2Evidenceretrieval,assessmentandsynthesis406.2.3Evidencegrading426.2.4EtDframework426.2.5GDGmeetings436.3Implementation guidance development process456.3.1Scoping456.3.2Evidenceretrievalandsynthesis45 7.Research needs 46 References47 Annex 1. Key questions and outcomes for the recommendations53 Annex 2. Systematic reviews Annex 3. GDG judgements related to the recommendations60 Foreword Hand hygiene is one of the simplest yet most powerful tools in our public health arsenal. Messages to washhands are posted routinely in bathrooms and food preparation areas, and public health authorities consistentlyissuecallsonthepublictowashtheirhandswhenoutbreaksaresuspected.Atthegloballevel,promotingaccesstohygienefeaturesinWHO’s2025PandemicAgreementandspecificallyforcommunitiesinitsHealthEmergencyPreparednessandResponse(HEPR)framework. But this simplest of acts remains beyond the reach of millions of families around the world. 1.7 billion peoplestilllackbasichygieneservices.Ofthese,611millionpeoplehavenohandwashingfacilitiesatall–neithersoapnor water are available at home. Withoutanaffordable,accessibleandconvenientmeanstowashhands,intheplaceswherepeoplelive,learn,workandgather,noamountofmessagingcanenablehandhygiene. Theinabilitytocleanhandsdrivesthespreadofarangeofdiseases,includingthebiggestkillersofunder-fivesglobally:pneumoniaanddiarrhoea,whichkillshundredsofthousandseachyear. TheseGuidelinesonHandHygieneinCommunitySettings,jointlydevelopedbytheWHOandUNICEF,emphasizethecriticalresponsibilityofgovernmentstoenablethefoundationalrequirementsforeffectivepractice: access to materials, information and conducive environments. They also recognize that access tohandhygieneandbehaviourchangerequirethedevelopmentofamulti-facetedsystemcomprisinggoodgovernance,data,financing,capacityandinnovationtosupportreliablewaterservicedelivery,availabilityofsoaporalcohol-basedhandrubs,andhealthpromotion. Attheircore,theseguidelinesrecognizehandhygieneasapublicgood–onethatrequirescoordinatedaction, inclusive design and sustained investment. Groundedinrigorousevidenceandshapedbyglobalexpertise,theseGuidelinesprovidegovernments,practitioners and partners with practical recommendations that are adaptable to a variety of communityornon-healthcaresettings–fromhouseholdsandschoolstopublicspacesandworkplaces. As governments consider their commitments under the new Pandemic Prevention Preparedness and ResponseAccord,sustainedaccelerationofhandhygieneaspartofbroadereffortsisurgent.WHOandUNICEFhopethese guidelines will serve not only as a technical resource but also as a catalyst for action. By embeddinghand hygiene into everyday life and policy, we can reduce the burden of preventable diseases, strengthencommunity resilience and advance the human right to health for all. Acknowledgements Manypractitionersandexpertsfromdiverseprofessionalbackgroun