2025年政策说明：一代人改造加纳

2025 POLICY NOTES: TRANSFORMING GHANAIN A GENERATION Overview2Restoring Macro-Financial Stability to Support Economic Transformation17Key Challenges20Key Policy Priorities and Opportunities23Recommendations27Ghana Energy Sector: Achieving Financial and Operational Sustainability31Key Policy Priorities and Opportunities35Recommendations39Enhancing Productivity, Competitiveness, and Job Creation43Status of Private Sector Job Creation in Ghana45Key Barriers to Private Sector Investment and Job Creation51`Key Policy Priorities and Opportunities56Recommendations59Investing in Human Capital to Maximize Ghana’s Demographic Dividend63Status of Human Capital Investment in Ghana64Key Challenges67Key Policy Priorities and Opportunities72Recommendations77Improving Natural Resource Management and Disaster Risk Management81Key Challenges to Effective NRM85Key Policy Priorities and Opportunities90Recommendations95Climate-Smart Agriculture as an Economic Growth Pole99Key Challenges101Key Policy Priorities and Opportunities104Recommendations107Sustainable Infrastructure111Transport - Key Policy Priorities118Urban Development, Resilience, and Land - Key Policy Priorities119Digital Development - Key Policy Priorities and Opportunities121Water Security for Development - Key Policy Priorities122Recommendations125Strong Public Institutions to Foster Growth and Development in Ghana131Recommendations141 Figure 1:32Figure 2:34Figure 3:44Figure 4:46Figure 5:47Figure 6:49Figure 7:50Figure 8:52Figure 9:53Figure 10:55Figure 11:55Figure 12:64Figure 13:64Figure 14:65Figure 15:66Figure 16:71Figure 17:82Figure 18:86Figure 19:86Figure 20:102Figure 21:112Figure 22:112Figure 23:134Energy Sector ‘Business as Usual’ Scenario - Annual and Cumulative ShortfallDistribution Utility System LossesThe Employment Gap for Youth Highlights Limited Access to Good Jobs andDominance of Informal WorkLow Investments in Assets, FDI, and Credit to Businesses Are Holding Back JobCreation; 2023 Economic Indicators as Share of GDPWithin Formal Manufacturing, Food Products and Garments Create the Most JobsGhana’s Private Sector Holds Significant Untapped Export Opportunities; EPI andMissing Exports by Sector, Average 2010–2019Regions Expected to Have the Largest Working Youth Population as of 2030 AlreadyBenefit from Employment Opportunities in Textiles, Electronics, and ChemicalsGhana Scores Poorly on B-READY Categories, Signaling Challenges to Creating anEnabling Environment That Encourages Private Sector InvestmentThe Private Sector Faces Long Delays at the BorderFew Firms Have Upgraded Business Functions Using Digital Technologies (Shown as% of Firms)Management Practices Affect the Ability of the Private Sector to Adopt SustainableProcessesGhana - Population Projections by Age GroupHuman Capital Index and GDP per CapitaGhana - Trend in the Prevalence of PovertyGhana - Trends in Government Education and Health SpendingGhana - District-Level Poverty Headcount (2016)Natural Resources Rent (% of GDP)Soil Erosion in GhanaTree Loss in Natural ForestSpatial Distribution of Yields of Maize, Rice, Cassava, and Yam by Region - 2020Capital Stock of the Public Sector (% of GDP)Capital Stock of PPPs (% of GDP)Perceived Prevalence of Corruption in the Public Sector Table 1:Projected Annual Savings Applying International BenchmarksTable 2:Ghana Lags on Most Indicators of Sustainable Use of Natural Resources andEnvironmental HealthTable 3:Transport Benchmark IndicatorsTable 4:Dividend Payments to the Government (Fiscal Year 2023)Table 5:SOE Sector’s Financial Performance (2019–2023, GHS, millions)3583117136137 The 2025 Ghana Policy Notes was prepared by a core World Bank team led by Stefano Curto (LeadCountry Economist) and Michelle Keane (Operations Manager). The team consists of Tamoya Christie(Senior Economist), Kwabena Kwakye (Economist), Juan Antonio Melendez Azcunaga (Economist), LauraRodriguez Takeuchi (Senior Economist), Carlos Leonardo Vicente (Lead Financial Sector Specialist),Neema Mwingu (Senior Financial Sector Specialist), Raymond Muhula (Lead Public Sector Specialist),Smile Kwawukume, (Senior Public Sector Specialist), Tatsuya Iwasaki (Public Sector Specialist), AndresGarcia (Senior Economist), Emmanuel Awuni (Private Sector Specialist), Rami Mikko Ahmed Galal(Economist), Kaoru Kimura (Senior Digital Development Specialist), Samik Adhikari (Senior Economist),Cemile Hacibeyoglu (Senior Country Officer), Rose Mungai (Senior Economist), Utz Johann Pape (LeadEconomist), Sophie Dong (Financial Sector Specialist), Uloaku Oyewole (Senior Sector Specialist), DhruvaSahai (Program Leader), Maame Tabuah (Senior Energy Specialist) Michelle Amorkor Amarteifio (EnergySpecialist), Amol Gupta (Senior Energy Specialist), Aparna Rao (Senior Energy Specialist), Donghui Park(Energy Specialist), Olamide O. Bisi-Amosun (Senior Natural Resources Specialist), Madhavi Pillai (SeniorNatural Resources Specialist), Santiago Ezequiel Arias (Senior Urban Specialist), Camille Bourguignon