加纳：2025年国家健康保险计划药品清单（英文）

MARCH2025 Table of Contents Document History...................................................................................................................................31.0Introduction......................................................................................................................................42.0 Methodology....................................................................................................................................43.0 Stakeholders’ Meetings....................................................................................................................44.0 Exclusions.........................................................................................................................................45.0 How to use this document...............................................................................................................55.1 Local codes (Nine Alpha-numeric characters)...............................................................................66.0 Level of Prescribing...........................................................................................................................87.0 Prescribing Guidelines......................................................................................................................88.0 Dispensing Guidelines......................................................................................................................99.0 Labelling..........................................................................................................................................1010.0 List of Medicines and Prices.........................................................................................................11 Document History 1.0Introduction This is the revised version of the NHIS Medicines List (ML), which takes effectfrom1stMarch2025.The original list of medicines in this schedule was developed using a process that involved evaluationof evidence for the management of health problems commonly seen at health facilities in Ghana. ASpecialists Group comprising medical doctors, pharmacists and a midwife reviewed the evidence forthe management ofhealthproblems and selected the appropriate medicines. A Core Group ofclinicians assisted the specialists in the selection of medicines and did the final review of the selectedmedicines. The current reviewed Medicines List contains a total ofFive Hundred and Fifty-One (551)formulations. 2.0Methodology A national survey of medicine prices was undertaken using the methodology of the World HealthOrganisation and Health Action International (HAI). Pricing data was collected from manufacturers,wholesale distributors, private pharmacies, government, missionand private health facilities locatedin the country. The purpose of the survey was to capture the prices of the selected medicines asobtained in both the public and private sectors. For each formulation, prices of the generic versionswere used for theanalysis. However, for medicines still under patent protection, innovator (brand)price was used. The output of the Framework Contract Agreement of the Ministry of Health was alsofactored into the pricing of the formulations within the contract arrangement.Final prices wereadjusted where necessary to account for the effects of inflation between data collection date andimplementationdate.These prices were then subjected to reviews by stakeholders in thepharmaceutical sector. 3.0Stakeholders’ Meetings Key stakeholders were purposefully selected and engaged to assess the viability of the establishedmedicine prices, with a focus on evaluating their acceptability 4.0Exclusions The development of the Medicines List concentrated on diseases covered by the benefits packageunder the National Health Insurance Scheme. Medicines used for healthcare programmes areconsideredas exemptions and are thus excluded from the List.These include childhood immunizations, tuberculosisandHIVAIDS.The list also does not include medical devices and supplies,and all anesthetic agents because their prices are included in the tariffs for services for which they areused. 5.0How to use this document. The medicines on this list are described in theirGenericorInternational Non-Proprietary Namesandinclude thedosage formandstrength. For example:Paracetamol Tablet, 500mg. The proprietarynames of very few medicines are used as the ‘generic’ name as a result of long-standing commonusage, for example,Aspirin Tablet instead of Acetyl Salicylic Acid Tablet. Medicines should beprescribed by the names on this list. Personal abbreviations of names of medicines must be avoided,for example,P’molfor paracetamolwould not be accepted on the claims form for reimbursement. The Unit of Pricingcolumn provides information on the basis of the price quoted in thePricecolumn.Examples of the units of pricing are tablet, capsule, suppository, pessary, vial, ampoule, weight (forcreams, ointments, g