2025年全球高血压报告：高风险——将证据转化为行动

High stakes – turning evidence into action Global report on hypertension 2025 High stakes – turning evidence into action Global report on hypertension 2025: high stakes – turning evidence into action ISBN 978-92-4-011556-9 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011557-6 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercialpurposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, thereshould be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The useof the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under thesame or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you shouldadd the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation:“This translation was not created bythe World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of thistranslation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance withthe mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. Global report on hypertension 2025: high stakes – turning evidence into action.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party,such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is neededfor that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting frominfringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in thispublication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerningthe legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximateborder lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are notmentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished byinitial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in thispublication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind,either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies withthe reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Design and layout by Inis Communication Contents ForewordivAcknowledgementsvExecutive summaryviIntroduction11 Hypertension is a public health threat52 Addressing hypertension is possible173 Improving access to essential hypertension medicines394 Hypertension prevention and control are integral toachieving universal health coverage615 Recommendations73References77Annex 1. Hypertension profiles and explanatory notes–Country profiles92Annex 2: Methodology of scoping reviews of literature287Annex 3. Key steps to strengthen value chain for hypertensionmedicines289 Foreword Every year, millions of people die from heart attacks, strokes, and kidneyfailure as the result of uncontrolled high blood pressure, or hypertension.Hypertension is a silent killer, often displaying no symptoms until it istoo late. But while hypertension is one of the world’s leading causes ofpremature death, it is also preventable. In 2023, WHO released the firstGlobal report on hypertension,focusingon the individual, community, and public health burden of high bloodpressure, and what can be done to address it. While many countries areimplementing policies to prevent and control hypertension, the world isstill lagging behind the target set in the Sustainable Development Goal toreduce premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by one-thirdby 2030. This second global report provides examples of action being taken aroundthe world in countries at all income levels, and the lessons that can bedrawn from their