世界卫生组织脑膜炎诊断、治疗和护理指南：执行摘要

Executive summary © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestionthat WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If youadapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If youcreate a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation:“Thistranslation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content oraccuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediationrules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. WHO guidelines on meningitis diagnosis, treatment and care: executive summary. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2025.https://doi.org/10.2471/B09452. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables,figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtainpermission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-ownedcomponent in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted anddashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsedor recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. Theresponsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable fordamages arising from its use. Introduction Meningitis continues to pose a public health threat globally, despite successful efforts tocontrol the disease in several regions of the world. The burden of mortality and morbidityfrom meningitis, including the risk of neurological and physical sequelae, remains high,particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and in settings experiencing large-scale, disruptive epidemics. Furthermore, the financial burden related to meningitis care andaftercare contributes to significant health inequities among the most vulnerable, marginalized anddisadvantaged populations. In 2017, representatives from governments, global health organizations, public health bodies,academia, the private sector and civil society organizations united in a call to action to eliminatemeningitis as a public health problem. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) togetherwith global partners and experts, coordinated the development ofDefeating meningitis by 2030:a global road map, which was approved by the Seventy-third World Health Assembly (resolutionWHA73.9). While several causes of meningitis can be prevented by vaccination, the defeatingmeningitis road map strongly emphasizes the need to improve the clinical management and long-term care of people with meningitis, in an effort to reduce mortality, minimize the incidence ofsequelae and disability, mitigate the risk of antimicrobial resistance and improve the quality of lifeof affected individuals, families and communities. TheWHO guidelines on meningitis diagnosis, treatment and careprovide evidence-based,quality-assured recommendations for the clinical management of children over 1 month of age,adolescents and adults with acute, community-acquired meningitis.