中国-中亚可再生能源投融资合作现状、挑战与机遇——以哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦为例

CURRENT STATUS, CHALLENGESAND OPPORTUNITIES FORCHINA-CENTRAL ASIARENEWABLE ENERGYINVESTMENT AND FINANCINGCOOPERATION: A CASE STUDY OFKAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN 北京绿研公益发展中心 2025 本报告可免费使用和转载，请勿用于商业用途。如需使用本报告出版，请与北京绿研公益发展中心确认，并寄送一份出版物以作存留；如需引用报告内的数据或图片，请联系作者；如需用于线上展示及传播，请直接使用本机构网站的原始链接。本报告仅代表北京绿研公益发展中心的机构观点，如有不当之处，敬请指正。 致谢 本 报 告 由 北 京 绿 研 公 益 发 展 中 心 完 成 并 发 布，感 谢 世 界 资 源 研 究 所（WRI）北京代表处对本报告的支持，及以下专家（排名不分先后）在研究过程分享的宝贵经验并提出建议: ●唐丁丁，中国环境科学学会绿色贸易与投资专委会荣誉主任委员、亚洲开发银行合规委员会前主席、北京绿研公益发展中心战略指导委员会资深专家●莫凌水，湖州绿色金融与可持续发展研究院副院长、北京绿研公益发展中心战略指导委员会资深专家●刘建国，国家发展与改革委能源研究所国际中心副主任●程琳，北京绿色金融与可持续发展研究院国际合作研究中心主任●陈臻，阳光时代律师事务所创始人、主任 本报告由北京绿研公益发展中心江梓君、陈蓥婕主要撰写，郭虹宇提供研究指导与支持。特别感谢薛一及设计师张烨对本报告设计与出版的支持，实习生杨诗琪、董增澳支持数据整理与图表制作，实习生冯绍钰、吴乙协助报告修改过程中的资料收集工作。 关于北京绿研公益发展中心 北京绿研公益发展中心（简称：绿研）登记注册于北京市民政局，是一家扎根国内、放眼全球的环境智库型社会组织。 我们致力于全球视野下的政策研究与多方对话，聚焦可持续发展领域的前沿问题与创新解决方案，助力中国高质量地实现“碳中和”目标并推进绿色、开放、共赢的国际合作，共促全球迈向净零排放与自然向好的未来。 © G:HUB 2025 This report is free to use and reproduce for your own publication, as long as they are not forcommercial use. As the copyright holder, G:HUB does request due acknowledgement and a copy ofyour publication. Please contact author for citation of the data or figures. For online publication,G:HUB requests direct link to the original resource on the G:HUB website. This report onlyrepresents the views of G:HUB. Please contact us if there’re any questions or problems. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was produced by G:HUB. We would particularly like to acknowledge the World ResourcesInstitute for the funding support for this report. Special thanks to the following experts who providedus with feedback and support throughout the report’s development (in no particular order): ●TANG Dingding, Senior Advisor, Strategic Steering Committee for Greenonovation Hub; FormerChairman of the Compliance Committee of the ADB; Honorary Chairman of the Green Trade andInvestment Committee of the Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences●MO Lingshui, Vice President of Huzhou Green Finance Institute; Senior Advisor, StrategicSteering Committee for Greenonovation Hub●LIU Jianguo, Deputy Director of the International Center, Energy Research Institute, NationalDevelopment and Reform Commission●CHENG Lin, Director of the Center for International Collaboration at the Institute of Financeand Sustainability (IFS); Head of Secretariat of the Beijing Office for the Green InvestmentPrinciples (GIP) for the Belt and Road●CHEN Zhen, Director, Founder, Sunshine Law Firm The lead authors of this report were JIANG Zijun and CHEN Yingjie. We would like to thank ourcolleagues who were kindly involved in the drafting or review of this report (in no particularorder): GUO Hongyu (Research Advisor), XUE Yi and ZHANG Ye (Design and Publication). We alsoacknowledge the contributions of interns YANG Shiqi and DONG Zeng’ao for their support indata compilation and chart preparation, and interns FENG Shaoyu and WU Yi for assisting withbackground research during the revision process. ABOUT G:HUB Greenovation Hub (GHub) is an independent environmental think tank with a global outlook,registered with the Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau. GHub advances the policy developmentand dialogues in cutting-edge areas of sustainable development, seeks innovative solutions toquality growth, climate resilience and carbon neutrality in China and beyond, contributing to anet-zero and nature-positive future. 目录 | Table of Contents 执行摘要 ...............................................................................................................2Executive Summary .............................................................................................6一、背景 | Background ..........................................................................................12二、 哈萨克斯坦与乌兹别克斯坦的能源转型尚处在初级阶段Energy Transition in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan Is Still at an Early Stage ........151.哈萨克斯坦的能源与电力结构以煤炭为主，清洁能源占比与电气化水平有待进一步提高 ...162.哈萨克斯坦雄心勃勃的气候与可再生能源发展目标、规划及激励措施为可再生能源发展提供了持续动力 .......................................................................................................203. 乌兹别克斯坦能源结构高度依赖天然气，能源转型进程缓慢 ..........................................244.乌兹别克斯坦逐渐明确可再生能源发展目标并不断完善激励政策体系，风电与光伏发展潜力有待进一步释放 ..............................................................................28三、 中国在支持哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦可再生能源发展中发挥重要作用China Plays an Important Role in Supporting Renewable Energy Developmentin Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan .......................................................................321. 政府间战略对接引领中国 - 中亚可再生能源合作 ............................................................332.中国对哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦可再生能源投资涵盖装机、储能和电网等多环节 ......343.中资金融机构是哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦可再生能源项目的重要资金来源之一 .........41四、 进一步加强中国与哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦可再生能源投融资合作所面临的挑战与机遇Challenges and Opportunities in Deepening China’s Renewable EnergyInvestment and Financing Cooperation with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan ..............461. 中国与哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦可再生能源投融资合作面临的挑战 ............................472. 加强中国与哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦可再生能源投融资合作的机遇 ............................49五、 扩大中国对哈萨