中国-巴基斯坦可再生能源投融资合作现状、挑战与机遇

THE STATUS, CHALLENGES ANDOPPORTUNITIES FOR CHINA-PAKISTANRENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTAND FINANCING COOPERATION 北京绿研公益发展中心 2025 本报告可免费使用和转载，请勿用于商业用途。如需使用本报告出版，请与北京绿研公益发展中心确认，并寄送一份出版物以作存留；如需引用报告内的数据或图片，请联系作者；如需用于线上展示及传播，请直接使用本机构网站的原始链接。本报告仅代表北京绿研公益发展中心的机构观点，如有不当之处，敬请指正。 致谢 本报告由北京绿研公益发展中心完成并发布，感谢世界资源研究所（WRI）北京代表处对本报告的支持，及以下专家（排名不分先后）在研究过程分享的宝贵经验并提出建议: ●唐丁丁，中国环境科学学会绿色贸易与投资专委会荣誉主任委员亚洲开发银行合规委员会前主席北京绿研公益发展中心战略指导委员会资深专家●莫凌水，湖州绿色金融与可持续发展研究院副院长北京绿研公益发展中心战略指导委员会资深专家●李丹，中国能源研究会可再生能源专委会秘书长●程琳，北京绿色金融与可持续发展研究院国际合作研究中心主任 本报告由北京绿研公益发展中心江梓君、陈蓥婕主要撰写，郭虹宇提供研究指导与支持。特别感谢薛一及设计师张烨对本报告设计与出版的支持。 关于北京绿研公益发展中心 北京绿研公益发展中心（简称“绿研”）登记注册于北京市民政局，是一家扎根国内、放眼全球的环境智库型社会组织。我们致力于全球视野下的政策研究与多方对话，聚焦可持续发展领域的前沿问题与创新解决方案，助力中国高质量地实现“碳中和”目标并推进绿色、开放、共赢的国际合作，共促全球迈向净零排放与自然向好的未来。 © G:HUB 2025 This report is free to use and reproduce for your own publication, as long as they are not for commercialuse. As the copyright holder, G:HUB does request due acknowledgement and a copy of your publication.Please contact author for citation of the data or figures. For online publication, G:HUB requests direct linkto the original resource on the G:HUB website. This report only represents the views of G:HUB. Pleasecontact us if there’re any questions or problems. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was produced by G:HUB. We would particularly like to acknowledge the WorldResources Institute for the funding support for this report. Special thanks to the followingexperts who provided us with feedback and support throughout the report’s development (in noparticular order): ●TANG DingdingStrategic Steering Committee for Greenonovation Hub，Senior Advisor ;The Compliance Committee of the ADB, Former Chairman;The Green Trade and Investment Committee of the Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences,Honorary Chairman●MO LingshuiHuzhou Green Finance Institute, Vice PresidentStrategic Steering Committee for Greenonovation Hub, Senior Advisor ;●LI DanChinese Renewable Energy Industries Association (CREIA), Secretary General●CHENG LinThe Center for International Collaboration at the Institute of Finance and Sustainability (IFS), Director;The Beijing Office for the Green Investment Principles (GIP) for the Belt and Road, Head ofSecretariat The lead authors of this report were JIANG Zijun and CHEN Yingjie. We would like to thank ourcolleagues who were kindly involved in the drafting or review of this report (in no particular order):GUO Hongyu (Research Advisor), XUE Yi and ZHANG Ye (Design and Publication). ABOUT G:HUB Greenovation Hub (GHub) is an independent environmental think tank with a global outlook,registered with the Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau. GHub advances the policy developmentand dialogues in cutting-edge areas of sustainable development, seeks innovative solutions toquality growth, climate resilience and carbon neutrality in China and beyond, contributing to anet-zero and nature-positive future. 目录 | Table of Contents 1.巴基斯坦的能源结构以化石燃料为主，电力供需不匹配Pakistan’s energy mix is dominated by fossil fuels, with mismatched electricity supply......18 2.巴基斯坦逐渐明确可再生能源目标并完善支持政策，非水可再生能源仍有很大发展空间Pakistan has set new renewable energy targets and improved support policies; non-hydrorenewables still have significant growth potential .....................................................................24 1.CPEC 是中巴可再生能源合作的主要纽带CPEC is the main link for China-Pakistan renewable energy cooperation ................................31 2.中国在巴基斯坦可再生能源投资涉及电源、储能和电网等多环节China’s investment in Pakistan’s renewable energy spans power generation,storage, and grid infrastructure ...................................................................................................32 3.中资金融机构是巴基斯坦可再生能源项目的重要资金来源Chinese financial institutions are major funding sources for Pakistan’s renewable energy projects ....34 四、 中国巴基斯坦可再生能源投融资合作面临的挑战与机遇 Challenges and opportunities in China-Pakistan Renewable EnergyFinancing Cooperation ..................................................................................36 1.巴基斯坦能源转型的系统性挑战Systemic challenges in Pakistan’s energy transition .................................................................37 2.中国在巴基斯坦扩大可再生能源投融资合作的挑战Challenges for China in expanding renewable energy investment and financingcooperation in Pakistan ................................................................................................................38 3.国际合作能为支持巴基斯坦可再生能源发展带来机遇Opportunities from international cooperation to support China-Pakistan renewableenergy development ....................................................................................................................39 五、 扩大中国巴基斯坦可再生能源投融资合作的政策建议 Policy Recommendations for Expanding China-Pakistan Renewable EnergyInvestment and Financing Cooperation ... 执行摘要 气候 危 机 加剧背景下，加速 全 球 能 源 转 型已成共识，巴基斯坦作为南亚地区重要的发展中国家，随人口增长和工业化进程加速，面临经济发展与应对气候 变化的双 重 压 力，亟需 推动 低碳转型以 应 对气候变化，释放绿色发展潜力。在此背景下，巴基斯坦已经提出了国家气候目标及可再生能源目标，在巴基斯坦2021年更新的国家自主贡献（NDC）中，承诺到2030年将温室气体排放量较基准水平减少50%，并将可再生能源（包括水电）占比提高到60%。1为落实可再生能源目标，巴基