!!! 加强亚太合作，参与印太合作 ——中国的机遇与挑战 2023.10.23 Strengthen Asia-Pacific Cooperation and Participate in Indo-Pacific Cooperation ——China's Opportunities and Challenges 摘 要 当前，亚太地区占世界人口三分之一，占世界经济总量逾六成、贸易总量近一半，是全球经济最具活力的地区，也是世界经济增长的重要引擎。亚太经济合作组织（APEC）作为亚太地区层级最高、领域最广、最具影响力的经济合作机制，是中国对外开放与开展国际经济合作的重要平台，尽管受亚太变局影响面临多重风险，仍对推进亚太合作发挥着重要作用。2023年亚太经济合作组织（APEC）领导人非正式会议将于 11月15日至16日在美国加利福尼亚州旧金山举行，届时中美高层领导人或有望再度会晤。 过去几十年，亚太区域经济合作蓬勃发展，创造了举世瞩目的“亚太奇迹”，展现了亚太区域经济合作强大的生命力。但随着跨越太平洋两岸贸易失衡及大国竞争加剧，美国从2010年重返亚太战略开始转变对华和亚太区域合作政策，从对华接触转向遏制，从亚太合作战略转向印太合作战略。美国的区域合作战略在一定程度上促进区域一体化进程和填补治理赤字，但却加剧大国竞争，破坏区域合作的协商对话基础，甚至增加大国直接冲突的风险。亚太局势动荡不仅危及中国外部环境，而且不符合区域内国家对发展与稳定的共同追求。对此，就中国应对亚太变局及推进亚太区域合作，福建社会科学院亚太研究所与全球化智库（CCG）联合建议： 1.创新战略思维与区域合作理念，制定积极的区域合作战略。中国要坚持共同发展、互利共赢的开放地区主义原则，反对搞排他性的封闭集团，维护APEC大家庭精神，倡导共建亚太命运共同体，积极主动融入美国、东盟等倡导的区域合作机制，推进亚太区域经济一体化。 2.要重视APEC平台作用，增加中美APEC内的合作面，实现APEC扩员，邀请印度、巴拿马及东盟成员柬埔寨、老挝和缅甸等国家参加，强化APEC贸易规则谈判与制定功能，推动FTAAP启动传统议题+新议题的谈判进程。 3.尽快启动和完成中国加入CPTPP和DEPA谈判进程。尽快组建CPTPP谈判工作组，并将东盟国家和拉美国家作为加入CPTPP的谈判重点对象，争取日本和墨西哥支持中国加入CPTPP。推动以DEPA为基础展开谈判达成涵盖更多APEC成员的亚太数字经济伙伴协议。 4.深化RCEP合作机制，推动尽快建立RCEP秘书处，建立信息共享机制，打造开放的供应链合作，适时联合域内经贸伙伴推动RCEP加速实施或升级谈判，适时吸收其他亚太地区国家如墨西哥、智利、秘鲁、斐济参加RCEP，将RCEP作为实现FTAAP的重要路径。 5.改善与日本、韩国关系，保持中日韩三方合作机制畅通，在RCEP谈判成果基础上加快推进中日韩自贸区谈判，力争达成全面、高质量、互惠且具有自身价值的自贸协定，积极探讨三方对外合作倡议。 6.中国可对IPEF持开放态度，推动其向自由与开放的方向发展，反对搞封闭性和排他性的地区政治经济集团，支持以《东盟印太展望》为合作框架，尽快表态参与印太经济框架的建构与谈判进程。 7.不断优化运用经济手段促成外交目标的方法，将共商共建共享的全球或区域治理理念贯穿于投资协议条款和经济技术合作条款中，通过发展援助和开放市场增强对周边亚太国家的吸引力，对争议地区采取搁置争议、共同开发的政策，适度利用经济制裁手段。 8.保持并增进中美高层交流，维护并促进中美民间交流，寻求与美国共同感兴趣的合作领域推动两国合作，加强中欧多领域对话合作，寻求建立中美欧常态性协调G3机制或提出中美欧加南方国家G4机制。 9. 深化改革开放，对标高标准国际经贸规则，完善市场经济法律体系，建设全国统一大市场，充分利用我国超大规模市场，构建开放型世界经济，吸引更多国际人才来华发展。 10.大力开展公共外交，鼓励支持智库二轨交流，增进留学、旅游等人员流动，发挥人文交流桥梁纽带与平台窗口作用，增进亚太国家互信友谊与团结合作。 Abstract The Asia-Pacific region, with one-third of the world's population, over 60% of global economic output, and nearly half of total trade, serves as the most dynamic region of the global economy and an important engine of world economic growth. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is the highest-level and most influential economic cooperation mechanism in the Asia-Pacific region, and an important platform for China's opening up to the outside world and engaging in international economic cooperation. Despite facing multiple risks due to changes in the Asia-Pacific region, APEC still plays an important role in promoting Asia-Pacific cooperation. The upcoming 2023 APEC Leaders' Informal Meeting, scheduled to be held on November 15-16 in San Francisco, USA, may offer a significant opportunity for high-level leaders from China and the United States to reconvene. In the past few decades, economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region has flourished, creating the world-renowned "Asian miracle" and demonstrating the powerful vitality of economic cooperation in the region. However, as trade imbalances along the Pacific Rim persisted and major-power competition intensified, the United States began to shift its approach towards China and Asia-Pacific regional cooperation. This shift, occurring since the United States recommitted to the Asia-Pacific strategy in 2010, evolved from engagement to containment towards China and from an Asia-Pacific to an Indo-Pacific cooperation strategy. While the United States' regional cooperation strategy has to some extent promoted regional integration and filled the governance gap, it has also exacerbated major power competition, undermined the foundation for negotiation and dialogue in regional cooperation, and increased the risk of direct conflict among major powers. The turmoil in the Asia-Pacific region not only endangers China's external environment, but also goes against the common pursuit of development and stability of the countries in the region. To this end, the Fujian Academy of Social Sciences and the Globalization Think Tank (CCG) jointly propose China's response to changes in the Asia-Pacific situation and the promotion of regional cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. 1. Innovate strategic thinking and the concept of regional cooperation, while formulating proactive regional cooperation strategies. China should steadfastly uphold the principles of common development and mutually beneficial open regionalism, oppose exclusive closed groups, uphold the spirit of the APEC family, advocate for the establishment of an Asia-Pacific community with a shared future, actively integrate into regional cooperation mechanisms advocated by the United States, ASEAN, and others, and promote Asia-Pacific regional economic integration. 2. Recognizing the significance of the APEC platform, it is essential to expand the scope of cooperation between China and the United States within APEC. This can be achieved by APEC enlargement, inviting countries such as India, Panama, and ASEA