2025年全球创新指数：十字路口的创新

GlobalInnovationIndex 2025Innovation ata Crossroads 18thEdition General enquiries relating to the GII,including from students,academics,journalists and others,may be sent to gii@wipo.int. GII-relatedcommunications from Member States relating to innovation performance,the state of their economy’s innovation metrics or related GII assistancerequests should be directed to the Assistant Director General,IP andInnovation Ecosystems Sector,World Intellectual Property Organization,34,chemin des Colombettes,CH-1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland (ies@wipo.int)and the GII Team at WIPO (gii@wipo.int). © WIPO,2025 First published 2024 World IntellectualProperty Organization34,chemin des Colombettes,P.O.Box 18CH-1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. ISBN:978-92-805-3796-3 (print)ISBN: 978-92-805-3797-0 (online)ISSN: 2263-3693 (print)ISSN: 2788-6972 (online) The user is allowed to reproduce,distribute,adapt,translate and publiclyperform this publication,including for commercial purposes,withoutexplicit permission,provided that the content is accompanied by anacknowledgement that WIPO is the source and that it is clearly indicated ifchanges were made to the original content. Suggested citation: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (2024).Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads. Geneva: WIPO.DOI:10.34667/tind.58864 For any derivative work,please include the following disclaimer: “TheSecretariat of WIPO assumes no liability or responsibility with regard to thetransformation or translation of the original content.” When content published by WIPO,such as images,graphics,trademarksor logos,is attributed to a third party,the user of such content is solelyresponsible for clearing the rights with the right holder(s). To view a copy of this license,please visithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Any dispute arising under this license that cannot be settled amicably shallbe referred to arbitration in accordance with Arbitration Rules of the UnitedNations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) then in force.The parties shall be bound by any arbitration award rendered as a result ofsuch arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughoutthis publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of WIPO concerning the legal status of any country,territoryor area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiersor boundaries. This publication is not intended to reflect the views of the Member Statesor the WIPO Secretariat.The mention of specific companies or products ofmanufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended byWIPO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Cover: Getty Images/Unsplash/Curated Lifestyle,Gabriele Malaspina,MarekPavlik,Raj Dhiman. Contents Foreword8 Acknowledgments9 Advisory Committee12Advisory Committee members12 Industry Association Network13 The GII Partners15Preface15 GII 2025 at a glance17Key takeaways20 Global Innovation Tracker27 Global Innovation Tracker Dashboard28Science and innovation investment30Technological progress40Technology adoption43Socioeconomic impact48Conclusion50Data notes50References53 GII 2025 results54 Cluster ranking78 2025 GII Ranking of World’s Top 100 Innovation Clusters79Clusters by economy82Regional distribution84Beyond the top 10087Top innovation intensity clusters per capita88References92 GII 2025 Economy briefs and profiles93 Framework of the Global Innovation Index 202594GII Economy briefs and the GII Innovation Ecosystems and Data Explorer94How to read the Economy profiles95 Appendix I – Conceptual and measurement framework of theGlobal Innovation Index Rationale and origins236Defining innovation in the GII237The GII conceptual framework238Adjustments to the GII model in 2025240Data limitations and treatment241Missing values242Treatment of series with outliers242Normalization243Weights243Strengths and weaknesses243Caveats on the year-to-year comparison of rankings244 Appendix II - Joint Research Centre (JRC) statistical auditof the 2025 Global Innovation Index Conceptual and statistical coherence within the GII framework246The impact of modeling assumptions on the GII results252Uncertainty analysis results254Sensitivity analysis results260Best-practice frontier in the GII by data envelopment analysis261Conclusion264References265 Appendix III - Sources and definitions 267 1. Institutions2672. Human capital and research2693. Infrastructure2724. Market sophistication2745. Business sophistication2776. Knowledge and technology outputs2827. Creative outputs285 Appendix IV – Global Innovation Index innovationcluster methodology289 295 References Index to Economy Profiles AlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBeninBolivia