2025年全球创新指数：全球百强创新集群排名

Index 2025Ranking ofWorld’s Top 100Innovation Clusters The GII reveals the topinnovation clustersworld-wide, by sizeand intensity. 2025 GII Ranking of World’s Top 100 Innovation Clusters Innovation clusters – whether innovation-driven cities or regions – form the beating heart ofnational innovation systems. These hubs unite top universities, researchers, inventors, venture From Bengaluru to Berlin, Boston to São Paulo, Shenzhen or Seoul, global cities blend research,start-ups and R&D firms to power innovation. Each year, the Global Innovation Index (GII) ranks the top 100 innovation clusters worldwide(Map 1). The GII uses a bottom-up, data-driven methodology that disregards administrative orpolitical borders and instead pinpoints those geographical areas where there is a high density of New methodology incorporates venture capital data In 2025, three metrics define the top 100 clusters globally (see Appendix IV for details anda comparison to earlier methods, in particular Appendix IV - Table 2 which ranks clusters in –The first metric focuses on the location of inventors listed in published patent applicationsunder the WIPO Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).1 These two metrics have served as the foundation for cluster identification across previous GIIeditions. This year, however, the GII is able to introduce a third metric, namely: –Venture capital (VC) deal locations. This new approach for 2025 allows the GII to capture entrepreneurial activity and innovationfinance, emphasizing start-ups and spin-offs. Together, these three metrics reveal those areas The innovation ecosystems identified in this way frequently transcend administrativeboundaries, encompassing metropolitan areas, multi-regional networks, and cross-bordercorridors. The resulting top 100 innovation clusters demonstrate a remarkable concentration,collectively accounting for roughly 70 percent of global PCT filings and VC deal activity, and The GII 2025 is also able to identify emerging clusters beyond the top 100 that have anappreciably high level of science, technology and innovation finance. Added to this, the GII also Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou, Tokyo–Yokohama, and San Jose–San Francisco lead the global innovation cluster ranking Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou (China and Hong Kong, China) tops the global rankings,followed by Tokyo–Yokohama (Japan) (see Figure 1). The methodology change has contributedto having a new top-ranked cluster for 2025, reflecting that Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhouperforms more strongly on VC deals compared to Tokyo–Yokohama. However, both clusterscontinue to make a massive contribution to global scientific publications and patentingoutputs, together accounting for nearly one in every five PCT applications filed globally. San Jose–San Francisco in the United States of America, Beijing in China and Seoul in theRepublic of Korea follow in third, fourth, and fifth place, respectively. In the United States (US), New York City (7th) and Los Angeles (10th), along with London in theUnited Kingdom (8th), now join the top 10, compared to last year's methodology without VC dataincluded. In turn, Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto (11th, Japan), San Diego (14th, United States) and Nanjing(15th, China) drop out of the top 10. Box 1 examines the top 10 global clusters on each of the Box 1 Top 10 innovation clusters by publications, patents or VC deals The top 10 clusters by patents, publications or VC deals reveal distinct patterns (see Figure2). Those clusters with the most publications are fully Asian, with the majority in China— with Beijing and Shanghai–Suzhou leading — but with Seoul (Republic of Korea) andTokyo–Yokohama (Japan) also featuring. PCT applications show a more mixed picture. ThreeUS clusters make the cut, but many Japanese and Chinese clusters feature too. For VC deals, Compared to last year, Singapore (16th, Singapore–Malaysia), Tel Aviv–Jerusalem (19th, Israel),Seattle (20th, United States) enter the top 20 in 2025. Two clusters in India enter the global top30: Bengaluru (21st) and Delhi (26th), along with Philadelphia (23rd, United States) and Berlin(30th, Germany). Newcomers to the top 40 are Toronto (33rd, Canada), two clusters in the UnitedStates, Denver (35th) and Austin (37th), and Zürich (Switzerland) is ranked 40th. New to the top This year, 10 clusters entered the top 100 for the first time: three clusters in the United States,namely, Miami (67th), Phoenix (78th) and Salt Lake City (92nd), two clusters in China, namely,Ningbo (93rd) and Ningde (99th), Dublin (71st, Ireland), Mexico City (79th, Mexico), Oslo (85th,bringing Norway into the top 100), Hamburg (91st, Germany), and Manchester (94th, United A combination of performance shifts and the implementation of this year's new methodologyhas resulted in the exclusion of 10 clusters from the top 100: Nuremberg–Erlangen (Germany),Lanzhou (China), Fuzhou (China), Ankara (Turkey), Cincinnati (United States), Daegu (Republic Clusters by economy The top