2024年全球创新指数第17版：释放社会创业的希望

Promise of SocialPromise of SocialEntrepreneurship GlobalInnovationIndex 2024Unlocking the Promise of SocialEntrepreneurship 17thEdition Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, Lorena Rivera LeónandSacha Wunsch-Vincent Editors This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. © WIPO, 2024 The user is allowed to reproduce, distribute, adapt, translate and publiclyperform this publication, including for commercial purposes, withoutexplicit permission, provided that the content is accompanied by anacknowledgement that WIPO is the source and that it is clearly indicated ifchanges were made to the original content. First published 2024 World Intellectual PropertyOrganization 34, chemin desColombettes, P.O. Box 18 CH-1211Geneva 20, Switzerland Suggested citation: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)(2024).Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of SocialEntrepreneurship. Geneva: WIPO.10.34667/tind.50062 ISBN: 978-92-805-3680-5 (print)ISBN: 978-92-805-3681-2(online) For any derivative work, please include the following disclaimer: “TheSecretariat of WIPO assumes no liability or responsibility with regard to thetransformation or translation of the original content.” ISSN: 2263-3693 (print)ISSN: 2788-6972 (online) When content published by WIPO, such as images, graphics, trademarksor logos, is attributed to a third party, the user of such content is solelyresponsible for clearing the rights with the right holder(s). To view a copy of this license, please visithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Any dispute arising under this license that cannot be settled amicably shallbe referred to arbitration in accordance with Arbitration Rules of the UnitedNations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) then in force.The parties shall be bound by any arbitration award rendered as a result ofsuch arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughoutthis publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of WIPO concerning the legal status of any country, territoryor area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiersor boundaries. This publication is not intended to reflect the views of the Member States orthe WIPO Secretariat. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does notimply that they are endorsed or recommended by WIPO in preference toothers of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Cover: Getty Images / Floriana, SeventyFour Contents Index to Economy Profiles5 Foreword6 Advisory Committee11Advisory Committee members11 Industry Association Network Academic Network13 The GII Partners14Preface14 GII 2024 at a glance16 Global leaders in innovation, 202417Global Innovation Index 2024 rankings18Innovation performance at different income levels, 202419Key takeaways20 Global Innovation Tracker26 Global Innovation Tracker Dashboard27Science and innovation investment28Technological progress39Technology adoption42Socioeconomic impact45Conclusion47Data notes48 GII 2024 results51 Innovation leaders in 202452Innovation overperformers59Efficiency champions: Converting innovationinvestment into tangible innovation output62Innovation across the world’s regions63Conclusion69 Cluster ranking71The GII 2024 top 100 science and technology clusters72 Special Theme 2024: Unlocking the Promise ofSocial Entrepreneurship85 The state of social entrepreneurship86The origins of social entrepreneurship89Why is social entrepreneurship important now?90 Innovation and impact in social entrepreneurship95Policy opportunities to unlock the promise of social entrepreneurship104Conclusion111 GII 2024 Economy profiles112 Framework of the Global Innovation Index 2024113How to read the Economy profiles114 249 Appendices Appendix I - Conceptual and measurementframework of the Global Innovation Index 250 Rationale and origins250Defining innovation in the GII250The GII conceptual framework251Adjustments to the GII model in 2024253Data limitations and treatment254Missing values255Treatment of series with outliers255Normalization256Weights256Strengths and weaknesses256Caveats on the year-to-year comparison of rankings257 Appendix II - Joint Research Centre (JRC) statisticalaudit of the 2024 Global Innovation Index Conceptual and statistical coherence within the GII framework259The impact of modeling assumptions on the GII results265Uncertainty analysis results267Sensitivity analysis results272Best-practice frontier in the GII by data envelopment analysis275Conclusion279 Appendix III - Sources and definitions 281 1. Institutions2812. Human capital and research2833. Infrastructure2864. Market sophistication2895. Business sophistication2916. Knowledge and technology outputs2967. Creative outputs300 Appendix IV - Global Innovation Index science andtechnology cluster methodology 304 Bibliography316References316 Index t