中亚欧亚地区人工智能的崛起：从就业到治理的AI驱动转型

From Jobs to Governance:The AI-Driven Transformation of the Region Table of Contents General Overview of AI Development in Central Eurasia4Practitioners and Innovators / Global Perspective7Practitioners and Innovators / Regional Perspective21Armenia22Azerbaijan31Georgia37Kazakhstan52Kyrgyzstan60Tajikistan67Turkmenistan72Uzbekistan75Policy recommendations86List of Interviewed Speakers Featured in This Report87Methodology88 General Overview of AIDevelopment in Central Eurasia Intelligence,focusing on neural network research.Government-supportedAI initiatives include thedigitization of the Kyrgyz language and the launch ofthe "AkylAi" voice assistant. In the startup ecosystem,Accelerate Prosperity, a global initiative of the Aga KhanDevelopment Network (AKDN) in Central and South Asiasupports young AI companies in entering the market. The Development of Technology andInnovation in Central Eurasia The development of technology and innovation in CentralEurasia has accelerated significantly over recent years,driven by growing interest from both governments andthe private sector. The region, comprising diverse countriessuchas Uzbekistan,Kazakhstan,Georgia,Armenia,Azerbaijan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan,is increasingly recognized for its potential to leveragetechnology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), as acatalyst for economic growth and societal advancement. •BakuStateUniversity(Azerbaijan)has introducedAI-based courses within its applied mathematics andbusinessmanagement programs,fostering a newgeneration of AI specialists in the country. •Kazakhstan has established Tomorrow School, thecountry's first peer-to-peer AI school, enrolling over5,000 students in its initial cohort. New startups continue to emerge across various sectors,fromfintech and agritech to healthcare and digitalgovernance, benefiting from both local initiatives andinternationalcollaborations.Additionally,educationalprograms dedicated to technology and innovation areexpanding, reflecting greater efforts to address the skillsgap and nurture a competitive workforce. Governmentsare progressively integrating technology into their nationaldevelopmentplans,adopting digital transformationstrategies, and providing supportive environments fortech-driven entrepreneurship. •Armeniahas introduced AI-focused bootcamps andmaster's programs, but the country still faces a talentshortage, with many graduates seeking opportunitiesabroad. •Tajikistan has integrated AI training into its topuniversities,producing around 200 AI specialistsannually to meet growing market demand. Government Policy, Regulation, andGlobal Alignment However, despite this encouraging progress, the regionstill encounters significant challenges, such as a persistentshortageof skilled professionals,limited access toventure capital and investment opportunities, inadequatedigital infrastructure, and inconsistencies in regulatoryframeworks.Addressing these obstacles effectivelyremainscrucial for Central Eurasia to realize its fulltechnological and economic potential. A former European Parliament official suggested thatCentral Eurasian countries should focus on aligning withinternational AI regulations to enhance market access andattract foreign investors. Somecountries in the region have already startedimplementing digital and AI-related policies. •Uzbekistanaims to enter the top 50 countries in theAI Readiness Index by 2030 and has introduced fundingprograms that match private investments.•Kazakhstanis developing a National Research Centerfor AI, which will be a hub for local AI advancements.•Georgia has introduced risk-based AI regulations,ensuring compliance with the Council of Europe's AIframework.•Armeniais drafting its first national AI strategy, aimingto define priority sectors and attract foreign investmentinto AI-driven projects.•Tajikistanhas launched a government-backed AI initiativetointegrate AI solutions into public administration,starting with digitalizing legal and tax services. Education and WorkforceDevelopment A European Commission representative emphasized thatearly investment in AI education is crucial for long-termeconomic growth, citing the need for stronger industry-academic partnerships to develop practical AI skills amongstudents. Education in technology and innovation is growing inCentralEurasia,but it has yet to fully meet industrydemands. •Kyrgyzstan is rapidly developing AI programs.Forinstance, the Kyrgyz National University has establishedtheInstitute of Computer Technology and Artificial Although regulatory barriers for AI development remainlowin most countries,the absence of well-definednational strategies, insufficient government support, andslow implementation of initiatives continue to hinderindustry growth. A European Commission representativehighlighted that Central Eurasian countries must aligntheir strategies with international standards to improveglobal market access. Key Barriers to Growth Accordingto AI resear