国家财富的变化：估计水产养殖对国家财富变化的全球贡献（英）

TECHNICAL REPORTPublic Disclosure Authorized Estimating the Global Contribution of AquacultureTowards the Changing Wealth of Nations © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in thiswork and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, orliability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; Design and layout: Clarity Global Strategic Communicationswww.clarityglobal.net Acknowledgements Authors: Malcolm W. Dickson (Aquaculture and Fisheries Consultant) Harrison Charo-Karisa (Environment Natural Resources and Blue Economy Global Practice,World Bank Group) Stefanie Onder (School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC) Robert Smith (International Institute for Sustainable Development) The authors would like to acknowledge contributions of aquaculture data by Philip Buike (Ecuador),Ahmed Nasr-Allah (Egypt), Md. Abdul Wahab (Bangladesh), Yumiko Kura (Japan), Ronnie Tan This report received financial support from the Global Program on Sustainability (GPS) trust fundand the PROBLUE trust fund. Executive Summary Aquaculturehas not yet been included in therenewablenatural capital accounts of the WorldBank’sThe Changing Wealth of Nations(CWON).This study explored the feasibility of including the in Norway, tilapia farms in Egypt, shrimp farms inEcuador, and a range of finfish species in Bangladesh.However, estimates for finfish aquaculture in Japan A back-of-the-envelope extrapolation finds that theasset value of aquaculture could reach $1 trillion,which is four times more valuable than the valueof marine fish stocks currently included in CWON. Includingaquaculture assets in CWON is notchallenging conceptually because a resource rent/net present value approach can be readily applied asrecommended by the System of National Accounting A key recommendation of this pilot is to build asystematicand integrated data collection systemconsistentwith SNA and SEEA methodologiessupported by an aquaculture economics community of Resourcerent estimates for most aquacultureproduction systems included in this pilot account were TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1.Rationale1.2.Global Aquaculture1.3.Ecosystem Accounting Principles for Aquaculture 2.RESULTS 2.1.Case Study 1: Salmonid Aquaculture in Norway2.1.1.Background2.1.2.Resource Rent Estimates2.2.Case study 2: Tilapia Aquaculture in Egypt2.2.1.Background2.2.2.Resource Rent Estimates2.3.Case Study 3: Pond-Based Shrimp Aquaculture in Ecuador2.3.1.Background2.3.2.Resource Rent Estimates2.4.Case Study 4: Marine Aquaculture Systems in Japan2.4.1.Background 3.CONCLUSIONS 3.1.Estimating Wealth Generation by Aquaculture3.2.Extrapolating Results from Pilot Countries3.3.Developing Estimates for Country and Species Combinations3.4.The Likely Scale of Global Aquaculture Asset Values TABLES TABLE 2.1:Resource rent estimates for Norwegian salmon and trout aquaculture, 1995–2020TABLE 2.2:Resource rent estimates for Egyptian tilapia and mullet aquaculture, 2015–2020TABLE 2.3:Resource rent estimate for shrimp in Ecuador, 2020TABLE 2.4:Resource rent estimates for yellowtail, sea bream, scallops, oysters, and seaweed in Japan, 2020 FIGURES FIGURE 1.1:World capture fisheries and aquaculture production, 1950–2020FIGURE 1.2:Aquaculture production value in the top 12 countries, by species group, 2020FIGURE 1.3:Relationship between ecosystem assets, services, and benefitsFIGURE 2.1:Salmon and rainbow trout production in selected countriesFIGURE 2.2:Norway salmon and trout sales value and resource rent, 1995–2020 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1Introduction 1.1RATIONALE producingcountries for future issues of CWON,taking into consideration, among other things, data The renewable natural capital accounts in the WorldBank’s The Changing Wealth of Nations (CWON),have not yet included aquaculture assets. Marinefish stocks and mangroves were included as bluenatural capital1 in the 2021 update of the