国家财富的变迁：评估水产养殖业对国家财富变迁的全球贡献

TECHNICAL REPORTPublic Disclosure Authorized Estimating the Global Contribution of AquacultureTowards the Changing Wealth of Nations © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The WorldBank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in thiswork and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, orliability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions setforth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work donot imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or theendorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as fullattribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Design and layout: Clarity Global Strategic Communicationswww.clarityglobal.net Acknowledgements Authors: Malcolm W. Dickson (Aquaculture and Fisheries Consultant) Harrison Charo-Karisa (Environment Natural Resources and Blue Economy Global Practice,World Bank Group) Stefanie Onder (School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC) Robert Smith (International Institute for Sustainable Development) The authors would like to acknowledge contributions of aquaculture data by Philip Buike (Ecuador),Ahmed Nasr-Allah (Egypt), Md. Abdul Wahab (Bangladesh), Yumiko Kura (Japan), Ronnie Tan(Indonesia) and Bard Misund (Norway). This report received financial support from the Global Program on Sustainability (GPS) trust fundand the PROBLUE trust fund. Executive Summary Aquaculturehas not yet been included in therenewablenatural capital accounts of the WorldBank’sThe Changing Wealth of Nations(CWON).This study explored the feasibility of including thewealth generated by aquaculture in future editionsto complement the information on other blue naturalcapitalassets,including marine fish stocks andmangroves. The study concentrated on select pilotcountries with significant aquaculture industries andwhose production systems had sufficient data. in Norway, tilapia farms in Egypt, shrimp farms inEcuador, and a range of finfish species in Bangladesh.However, estimates for finfish aquaculture in Japanand Indonesia were more variable. A back-of-the-envelope extrapolation finds that theasset value of aquaculture could reach $1 trillion,which is four times more valuable than the valueof marine fish stocks currently included in CWON.However, to estimate rigorously and consistently theasset value of aquaculture for all major aquaculture-producing countries for a 25-year period, as requiredby CWON, would require significant additional datacollection and analysis. Includingaquaculture assets in CWON is notchallenging conceptually because a resource rent/net present value approach can be readily applied asrecommended by the System of National Accounting(SNA) and the System of Environmental-EconomicAccounting (SEEA) for traded natural capital assets.However, there are significant data constraints, as therequired information on operating and capital costsis rarely reported in publicly available datasets. Mostof the estimates for this pilot account were based onresearch results and information from key contacts. A key recommendation of this pilot is to build asystematicand integrated data collection systemconsistentwith SNA and SEEA methodologiessupported by an aquaculture economics community ofpractice, comprising national statisticians, technicalspecialists, economists, and regulatory authorities.Given that the top 12 aquaculture-producing countriescontribute 75 percent of all aquaculture production(by value), the use of resource rent estimates fromthese countries would sufficiently represent globalaquaculture value. Resourcerent estimates for most aquacultureproduction systems included in this pilot account werepositive and significant, including for salmon farms TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIITABLE