塞尔维亚绿色转型中的教育和技能（英）2025

Education and Skills within the Green Transitionin Serbia © 2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work donot necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work anddoes not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respectto the use of or failure to use the information,methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors,denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part ofThe World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by thoseauthors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attributionto this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “Tigran,Shmis;Polina,Zavalina;Domagoj,Racic;Sofia,Tamayo.2025.Education and Skills within the Green Transition in Serbia.© World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, TheWorld Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax:202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Table of Contents Acknowledgments................................................................................................................4Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................5Executive Summary..............................................................................................................6Introduction..........................................................................................................................8Perceptions and Awareness of Climate Change.........................................................................12Serbia and the international climate change policy framework.................................................18National policies for green transition.........................................................................................20Developing the skills and jobs for the green transition:challenges and opportunities....22Curriculum and government programs on climate change and green transition.............27Pre-primary, primary and secondary schools.............................................................................27Technical and vocational education and training (TVET)............................................................29Higher education and research & innovation system................................................................30Green education infrastructure..................................................................................................33Conclusions and Recommendations.................................................................................35Strategic Approach to Green Skills.............................................................................................35Development of Foundational Skills and Attitudes as a Basisfor Green Skills Acquisition.......36Skills Anticipation through Stakeholder Collaboration...............................................................38Greening of occupational standards and provision of skills and retraining opportunities throughthe tertiary education system.....................................................................................................39Strengthening the role of higher education in the provision of skills and undertaking greenresearch and innovation.............................................................................................................41Using adult education and ALMPs to facilitate green transition................................................42Annex A. Methodology used to calculate cost of mitigation and adaptation measures...44References.........................................................................................................................46 Acknowledgments This reportwas developed by theEurope and Central Asia Education Global Practice team ofthe WorldBank, in collaboration with thePoverty teamand with the support of theClimate Su