越南锂离子电池供应链的多元化、再利用、回收及就业创造机会

JULY 2025 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SUPPLY CHAINDIVERSIFICATION, REPURPOSING,RECYCLING, AND JOB CREATIONOPPORTUNITIES IN VIET NAM JULY 2025 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2025 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2025. ISBN 978-92-9277-369-4 (print); 978-92-9277-370-0 (PDF); 978-92-9277-371-7 (ebook)Publication Stock No. TCS250290-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS250290-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars and "IDR" refers to Indonesian rupiah.ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China; “Hong Kong” as Hong Kong, China;“America” as the United States; and “Vietnam” as Viet Nam. Cover design by Jonathan P. Yamongan. Tables, Figures, and Boxes iv Acknowledgmentsviii Abbreviationsx Executive Summaryxiii 1Report on Material Supply Global Battery Demand and Supply Landscape1Global Battery Supply Chain and Key Risks11Global Market Overview of Cathode and Anode Active Materials37Viet Nam Battery Industry Deep Dive48Viet Nam’s Role in the Global Battery Supply Chain57 2Battery Repurposing and Recycling73 Regulatory Trends in Battery Repurposing and Recycling73Overview of Battery Repurposing and Recycling74Deep Dive on Recycling78Deep Dive on Repurposing89Outlook for Battery Repurposing and Recycling in Viet Nam94 3Job Creation and Upskilling 103 Strategic Directions for Lithium-Ion Battery Industry Development and Socioeconomic Impact103in Viet NamJob Creation from Direct Investments Along the Lithium-Ion Battery Value Chain in Viet Nam105New Job Opportunities and Skills Requirements from Lithium-Ion Battery Industry Development111Assessment of Workforce Capabilities and Skill Levels119 TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXES Tables 1Business Focus142Overview of Value Chain Integration Rationale163Manufacturing Geographical Footprint174Selected Examples of Electric Vehicle Model and Battery Cell Supplier195Overview of Players Focused on Silicon-Dominant Anode Materials: Facts and Figures476European Union Battery Regulation and Key Implications for Vietnamese Battery Manufacturers557Key Success Factors to Promote Electric Vehicle Battery Investments688Examples of Energy Storage System Industry Policies and Incentives699Selected Examples of Major Foreign Investment in Indonesia’s Nickel Industry7210Overview of Key Players8711Key Regions’ Performance on Battery Recycling Legislation8812Example of Second-Life Energy Storage System Projects Around the Globe9113Policy Recommendations for Viet Nam10014Examples of Job Postings and Key Requirements—Scientific Research11415Examples of Job Postings and Key Requirements—Design and Development11516Examples of Job Postings and Key Requirements—Manufacturing11617Examples of Job Postings and Key Requirements—Maintenance and Services11718Examples of Job Postings and Key Requirements—Infrastructure Development118 Figures 1Light Vehicle Powertrain Shares by Region, 2022–2040F12Market Demand for Lithium-Ion and Na-Ion Batteries by Application, 2020–204023Market Demand for Lithium-Ion by Light Electric Vehicle