欧盟智能电网：2024年技术发展、趋势、价值链和市场现状报告

SmartGrids in the European Union STATUS REPORT ON TECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT, TRENDS, VALUE CHAINS &MARKETS This document is a publication by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledgeservice. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The contents of thispublication do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Commission. Neither the EuropeanCommission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of thispublication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which thesource is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contactthe referenced source. The designationsemployed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on thepart of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or ofits authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact informationName:Antonio De Paola Address:Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, Ispra (VA), ItalyEmail:antonio.de-paola@ec.europa.eu EU Science Hubhttps://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu JRC139306 EUR 40079 PDFISBN 978-92-68-20999-8 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/4457720KJ-01-24-083-EN-N Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2024 © European Union, 2024 The reuse policy ofthe European Commission documents is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Unless otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorisedunder the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means thatreuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the European Union permission must be sought directly fromthe copyright holders.-Cover page illustration-Any other images so indicated in the body of the document How to cite this report: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, De Paola, A., Andreadou, N. and Kotsakis, E., Clean Energy TechnologyObservatory: Smart Grids in the European Union-2024 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets,Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2024, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/4457720, JRC139306. Contents Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3Foreword on the Clean Energy Technology Observatory.............................................................................................................................................4Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................61Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................81.1Scope and context......................................................................................................................................................................................................................81.1.1Alternating-Current (AC) wires and cables........................................................................................................................................81.1.2PowerTransformers...............................................................................................................................................................................................81.2Methodology and Data Sources....................................................................................................................................................................................82Alternating-Current (AC) lines and cables.........................................................................................................................................................................92.1Technology development and trends.....................................................................................................