保持美国在遥感、发射和国家安全先进技术方面的优势

Table of ContentsIntroduction...............................................................................................................................................2Key Themes in the Space Economy..................................................................................................4The U.S. Government Is a Key Industry Customer and Investor.........................................4Technological Advancements by Government and Industry Enable CommercialGrowth...................................................................................................................................................5Miniaturization.................................................................................................................................5Sensor Improvements...................................................................................................................6Launch Vehicle Innovations........................................................................................................6Launch Plays a Central Role in the Space Industry, Largely Because of SpaceX..........7SpaceX Leads Market Consolidation in Multiple Sectors......................................................8The Space Sensing Market Is Poised for Growth..................................................................10Advanced Technology Companies Show Economic and Security Promise..................12U.S. Policy Recommendations.........................................................................................................16Foster Innovation Through Strategic Investment..................................................................16Encourage Competition and Market Resilience.....................................................................16Strengthen Regulatory Frameworks.........................................................................................17Conclusion..............................................................................................................................................18Author......................................................................................................................................................19Acknowledgments...............................................................................................................................19Endnotes.................................................................................................................................................20 Center for Security and Emerging Technology |1 IntroductionTheU.S.space economy has evolved significantly over the past 70 years. What beganin the 1950s as a fully government-supported sector has transformed into a dynamicecosystem increasingly driven by privatesector actors. In the 1960s, the first hints ofcorporate involvement emerged alongside government-led missions, as post-warpolitical forces and technological advancements launched Sputnik and paved the wayforU.S.remote-sensing satellites. Since then, a combination of Cold War necessity,public investment, and groundbreaking research has shaped the trajectory of the spaceeconomy, culminating in a modern industryin whichinnovation and competition amongprivate firms play a central role.Today’s space economy is experiencing unprecedented growth, generatingtechnological advancements, economic opportunity, and geopolitical influence. Valuedat $630billion in 2023 and projected to exceed $1.8 trillion by 2035, the global spaceindustry is increasingly valuable to modern economies.1From groundbreakingsatellites to reusable launch systems, these advancements are as important to stateeconomic interests as they are to global influence, security, and exploration.The United States has invested in this transformation more than any other country,allocating $73.2 billion to space programs in 2023 alone.2This number is likely higherwhen combined with NASA’s budget. Historically, government investments andstrategic policies have driven widespread innovation and enabled private companies toscale operations and develop transformative technologies.3NASA’s early contractswith SpaceX, for instance, helped support the company’s development, and SpaceX’stechnological breakthroughs, in turn, lowered barriers for new entrants in multiplesectors of the space industry, but only those not in direct competition with SpaceX.Payload providers can take advantage of SpaceX’s lower launch costs,but new launchcompanies have a harder time breaking into the market. Payload and satellite busmanufacturers are also facing a more challenging environment as SpaceX markets itsStarlink bus for other purposes.International governments, not just the U.S. government, increased spending on theglobal space industry in 2023.5Thespace economy contributed $131.8 billion to theU.S. GDP in 2022.6Increasing venture capital investments in space companiesindicates the potential for even more growth.7Moreover, space is becoming an