逐步淘汰农药时风险降低方案指南

International Code of Conducton Pesticide ManagementGuidance on options for reducing riskwhen phasing out pesticidesFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsWorld Health OrganizationRome, 2025 Required citation:FAO & WHO. 2025.International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management – Guidance on options for reducing risk whenphasing out pesticides. Rome.https://doi.org/10.4060/cd5993enThis publication was developed in the context of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management ofChemicals (IOMC), which was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 United NationsConference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase international coordination in thefield of chemical safety. The participating organizations are the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO), the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), the World Health Organization (WHO), theWorld Bank, and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).The purpose of the IOMC is to promotecoordination of the policies and activities pursued by the participating organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve thesound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. The contents do not necessarily reflectthe views or stated policies of individual IOMC participating organizations.The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of anyopinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or the World HealthOrganization (WHO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers,whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or WHO inpreference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policiesof FAO or WHO.ISBN (FAO) 978-92-5-139934-7ISBN (WHO) 978-92-4-011190-5 (electronic version)ISBN (WHO) 978-92-4-011191-2 (print version)© FAO and WHO, 2025Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- 4.0 International licence(CC BY 4.0:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.en).Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted, provided that the work is appropriatelycited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO or WHO endorses any specific organization, productsor services. The use of the FAO or WHO logo is not permitted. If a translation or adaptation of this work is created, it mustinclude the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or the World Health Organization (WHO). Neither FAO nor WHO isresponsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the authoritative edition.”Any dispute arising under this licence that cannot be settled amicably shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with theArbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). The parties shall be boundby any arbitration award rendered as a result of such arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute.Third-party materials.This Creative Commons licence CC BY 4.0 does not apply to non-FAO copyright materials includedin this publication. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures orimages, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from thecopyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solelywith the user.FAO photographs.FAO photographs that may appear in this work are not subject to the above-mentioned CreativeCommons licence. Queries for the use of any FAO photographs should be submitted to:photo-library@fao.org.Sales, rights and licensing.FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) andprint copies can be purchased through the distributors listed there. For general enquiries about FAO publications pleasecontact:publications@fao.org. Queries regarding rights and licensing of publications should be submitted to:copyright@fao.org. ContentsForeword ...............................................................................