美国公众和AI专家如何看待人工智能

www.pewresearch.orgAbout Pew Research CenterPew Research Center is a nonpartisan, nonadvocacy fact tank that informs the public about theissues, attitudes,and trends shaping the world. It does not take policy positions. The Centerconducts public opinion polling, demographic research, computational social science research andother data-driven research. It studies politics and policy; news habits and media;the internet andtechnology; religion; race and ethnicity; international affairs; social, demographic and economictrends; science; research methodology and data science; and immigration and migration. PewResearch Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder.© Pew Research Center 2025 How we did thisPew Research Center conducted this study to understandhow Americans’ views of artificialintelligence compare with the views of those who have expertise in the field.This report includesfindings from a survey of U.S. adults, a survey of AI experts and a series of in-depth interviewswith experts.Survey of U.S. adultsTo understand the views of the American public, we surveyed5,410adults fromAug. 12 to Aug. 18,2024. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel(ATP), a group of people recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresseswho have agreed to take surveys regularly. This kind of recruitment gives nearly all U.S. adults achance of selection.Interviewswere conducted either online or by telephone with a liveinterviewer. The survey is weighted tobe representative of the U.S. adult population by gender,race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other factors.Read more about the ATP’smethodology.Survey of AI expertsTo understand the views of AI experts, we surveyed 1,013 AI experts living in the United Statesfrom Aug. 14 to Oct. 31, 2024. To create the sample, Center researchers compiled a list of authorsand presenters at 21 AI-related conferences held in 2023 or 2024. Surveys were conducted online,and experts were asked to confirm that they live in the U.S. and that their work or research relatesto AI before proceeding. Because there is nodefinitivesource of population benchmarks for thisgroup, responses fromthe expert survey are unweighted. They areonlyrepresentative of the viewsof expertswho responded to the survey.In-depth interviews with AI expertsTo further exploreexpertviews,we conducted 30in-depth interviews with AI experts fromOct. 18toNov. 26, 2024.The interviews were designedtogiveAIexperts across a range of differentdemographic dimensions, including race, ethnicity and gender, a chance to elaborate on theirviews. However, the in-depth interviews are not representative of any demographic group or AIexperts as a whole. Quotes have been lightly edited for grammar and clarity.Here arethequestions used for this report, thetoplinesand themethodology. www.pewresearch.org Table of ContentsAbout Pew Research CenterHow we did thisOverviewKey findingsAI and jobsAI-related concerns, bias and representationRegulation and responsible AI1. Artificial intelligence in daily life: Views and experiencesInteracting with AIUse and views of chatbotsDo people think they have control over AI in their lives?2. Views of risks, opportunities and regulation of AIConcern and excitement over AIAI’s personal impactRepresentation in AI designAI versus humansRegulation and responsible use of AI3. Public and expert predictions for AI’s next 20 yearsHow will AI impact the U.S. over the next 20 years?AI’s impact on elections, education, jobs and health careWill AI lead to fewer jobs?Impact of AI on certain occupationsWill AI be able to think on its own?Could AI be trusted with important decisions?AcknowledgmentsMethodologySurvey of U.S. adults: The American Trends Panel survey methodology www.pewresearch.org61113151919202224242929343539394144464849505252 4PEW RESEARCH CENTERwww.pewresearch.orgAppendix A: Demographic makeup of AI experts surveyedAppendix B: Selected tables by expert and public demographics Survey of AI expertsIn-depth AI expert interviewsAdvisory boardTopline: U.S. adultsTopline: AI experts 626465668497 www.pewresearch.orgWithartificial intelligenceno longer the stuff of science fiction,itsbenefits and risksare beingdebated byeveryone fromcasual observerstoscholars.A new Pew Research Center reportexamines the views of two key groups:theAmerican public and expertsin the field of AI.These surveysrevealbothdeep dividesand common ground on AI.AI expertsarefar morepositivethan the publicabout AI’s potential,includingon jobs.Yetbothgroupswant morepersonalcontrol of AI and worryabout laxgovernment oversight.Still,opinions among experts vary, withmenmoreoptimisticabout AI than women.Here are thekey findings fromsurveys of U.S. adults and AI expertsconducted in 2024,andin-depth interviews withexperts. Experts are far morepositiveand enthusiasticaboutAIthanthe public.For example, the AI experts wesurveyed are far more likelytha