全球建筑规范评估：促进弹性、绿色和包容性建筑的现状和不断变化的需求2025

CURRENT STATUS AND EVOLVING NEEDS TO PROMOTERESILIENT, GREEN AND INCLUSIVE BUILDINGSAGlobalAssessmentofBUILDING REGULATION FOR RESILIENCEBuildingCodes © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Website: www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR),with external contributions. The findings, analyses and conclusions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflectthe views of any individual partner organization of The World Bank, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent.Although the World Bank and GFDRR make reasonable efforts to ensure all the information presented in this document iscorrect, its accuracy and integrity cannot be guaranteed. The use of any data or information from this document is at theuser’s own risk and under no circumstances shall the World Bank, GFDRR, or any of its partners be liable for any loss, dam-age, liability, or expense incurred or suffered which is claimed to result from reliance on the data contained in this document.The boundaries, colors, denomination, and other information shown in any map in this work do not imply any judgment onthe part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, thiswork may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Table of ContentsForewordAcknowledgmentsAcronyms and AbbreviationsExecutive SummaryPurpose and Scope of the Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviMethodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviKey Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviiKey Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi1.Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.1Benefits of Building Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31.2Risk to the Built Environment is Increasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41.3Overview of Building Regulatory Frameworks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41.4Building Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Considerations for Building Code Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.1Transition to Comprehensive Building Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112.2Building Code Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122.2.1Approaches for building code development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122.2.2Adopting model building codes and standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142.2.3Code development process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153Methodology for the Country Assessments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203.1Key Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.2Country Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213.3Framework for Assessing the Building Codes and Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223.4Framework for Assessing the Code Implementation Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233.5Statements for the Assessment of Code Contents and Code Implementation Topic Areas. . . . . . . . . .243.6Da