格鲁吉亚绿色财政报告：格鲁吉亚绿色转型的财政政策——促进包容性和可持续增长

©2026.The World Bank1818 H Street NW,Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000;Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed inthis work do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe Executive Directors ofThe World Bank or thegovernments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in thiswork and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information,or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, orconclusions set forth.The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other informationshown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal statusof any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authoredby others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the contentof their works. Nothing herein shall constituteor be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination ofits knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long asfull attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “Hynes, William, Vicky Chemutai and Leonardo Garrido.2026.Georgia Green Fiscal Report.© World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Contents Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................41.Georgia can achieve its economic, social and environmental objectives by adopting greenfiscal measures.........................................................................................................................................62. There are gaps in Georgia’s Green Fiscal Framework...........................................................................72.1Georgia has a low Total Carbon Price (TCP).................................................................................82.2Georgia has high implicit subsidies.............................................................................................92.3Other forms of environmental taxation are limited..................................................................113. Policy options for a green and fiscally resilient Georgia.....................................................................123.1Pricing carbon directly through the introduction of an ETS......................................................133.2Pricing carbon indirectly through an excise tax on natural gas.................................................163.3Introducing feebates for the transport sector...........................................................................163.4Combining different instruments..............................................................................................183.5Fiscal Revenues, Energy Demand and Climate Commitments..................................................194.Achieving the Double Dividend: Growth, Employment and Emissions Reduction....................215.A Green Fiscal Policy Package for Georgia.................................................................................25Appendix 1: Detailed scenario descriptions of the SILEN model................................................................28Appendix 2: Fiscal Implications from Policies, Costs and benefits of green fiscal interventions................29Appendix 3: The MANAGE-WB Model Application for Georgia..................................................................31 Executive Summary 1.Green fiscal policiesin Georgia can tackle emerging socio-economic bottlenecks and contributetoinclusive and sustainableeconomic growth and efficiency.This report offers a toolkit for the Ministryof Finance based on simulations of different carbon pricing options. Such measurescan improve theeffectiveness of the tax system; raise revenues at lower cost to economic growth; address negativeexternalities that arise from low fuel prices (relative to their efficient values); and reduce exposure toemerging international carbon-related tax schemes such as, European Union’s Carbon Border AdjustmentMechanism (CBAM).The report offers a long-term reform agenda and does not explicitly considerrecentsupply-side disruptions in energy markets in the Middle East. However, it outlines a path to reduce energyimport dependence. Furthermore, environmental taxatio