与乌克兰绿色重建标准和技术法规指导框架有关的政策选择的影响评估

AcknowledgementsThe publication has been prepared by the Unit-ed Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO), jointly with the Ministry of Economy ofUkraine, and the Ukrainian Standardization Agen-cy (UAS). It is based on the technical work of theBritish Standards Institute (BSI).The work has been realized with the support ofSwitzerland, through the State Secretariat for Eco-nomic Affairs (SECO) and the Federal Ministry forEconomic Cooperation and Development of Ger-many (BMZ).2024 United Nations Industrial Development Or-ganization.This document has been producedwithout formal United Nations editing. The des-ignations and the presentation of the material inthis document do not imply the expression of anyopinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretari-at of the United Nations Industrial DevelopmentOrganization (UNIDO) concerning the legal statusof any country, territory, city or area of its authori-ties, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiersor boundaries, or its economic system or degree ofdevelopment. Designations such as “developed”,“industrialized”and“developing”are intendedfor statistical convenience and do not necessari-ly express a judgment about the stage reached bya particular country or area in the developmentprocess. Mention of company names or commer-cial products does not constitute an endorsementby UNIDO. Although great care has been taken tomaintain the accuracy of the information present-ed, neither UNIDO nor its member states assumeany responsibility for consequences which mayarise from the use of the material. AcknowledgementsAcronyms and abbreviationsExecutive summary1231561117181920212123242425262728373740424849505052545558646464656568696970752.13.13.23.33.43.2.13.2.23.2.33.2.43.3.13.3.23.3.33.4.13.4.23.4.33.2.3.13.2.3.23.2.3.33.2.3.43.2.3.53.2.3.63.2.3.73.2.3.83.2.3.93.2.3.103.2.3.113.2.4.13.2.4.23.2.4.33.2.4.43.2.4.53.3.3.13.3.3.2IntroductionApproach and deliveryProject overviewActivities and findingsIntroductionEnergy efficiency regulations and voluntary measuresIntroductionAnalysisRegulatory Impact Assessment of the transposition and enforcement of the EPBD 2010/31 EU& EPBD 2018/844 EU in UkraineBackgroundPolicy initiatives on energy efficiencyTransposition of the EU’s Energy Performance of Buildings DirectiveMain issues identifiedRegulatory Impact AssessmentOther certification schemes for buildingsFuture developments – the new EPBD recastSummaryTransposition of the EPBD 2010/31 EU and EPBD 2018/44 EUList of by-lawsFunding programmes for improving energy efficiency of buildingsPossible funding models for green reconstructionIntroductionConsiderations on cost-benefitQuantification of average energy savings per housing unit and CO₂ reductionProjection for the Ukrainian contextCalculation of CO₂ emissions decrease after envelope insulation of apartment block stock_in UkraineConstruction products – regulationsIntroductionConstruction Products RegulationEnvironmental Product Declarations (EPDs)Reasons for and explanation of EPDThe consequences of introducing EPDsCircular economyIntroductionAnalysisFindings Ukraine finds itself at a crossroads between rebuilding the infrastructure the wayit has been done in the past, or in sustainable manner, using green standards, themost advanced practices, and state-of-art technologies. This would contributeenabling the Country to use the massive reconstruction efforts as a springboardfor sustainability. Indeed, if based on sustainability principles, reconstruction canovercome a major carbon footprint, reducing potential climate impact and im-proving energy and resource efficiency.Following the growing global awareness of the impacts of climate change, im-proved international expertise, knowledge and best practices on circular econo-my, carbon neutrality and decarbonization have been codified into internationalstandards. When these standards are used as a basis for or to support technicalregulations, they are a key element in defining the specifications for public andprivate investment projects, public procurement, operations of services and theirmanagement.UNIDO, together with the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine, developed a “NationalGuiding Framework of Standards and Technical Regulations for the Green Recon-struction of Ukraine” (NGF). The NGF effectively contribute to the green recon-struction of essential infrastructure, facilities, services and their management, byincorporating sustainability principles into national standards and binding tech-nical regulations. Working towards this goal will, at the same time, contribute tothe alignment of Ukraine with the European market and its requirements.This document presents an impact assessment for the use of Standards and Tech-nical Regulations for the Green Reconstruction of Ukraine. BSIThe British Standards InstitutionCABConformity Assessment BodiesCBACost Benefit AnalysisCBAMCarbon Border Adjustment MechanismCEAPCircular Economy Action PlanCENThe European Committee for Standardisatio