量子技术与未来学习

March 2025 Quantum technologies and the future of learningTABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive summaryPart IITCILO’s emerging technology taxonomy: Context and proposal1.1.summary of Parti......................................151.2.draftitcilotaxonomy to be reviewed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171.3. Prioritytaxonomiesidentifiedforreview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191.4.comparison of taxonomies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201.5.treatment of quantum technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211.6.considerations for a revised taxonomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Part IIQuantum technologies assessment2.1.summary of Partii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282.2.Quantum technology assessment method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342.3. Quantumstrands–summary&definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352.4.timeline assessment of quantum computing capabilities...............372.5.encryption technologies and the quantuminternet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422.6.relevance assessment of claimed application use cases................432.7.cross-strand timeline assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Part IIIPrioritised quantum technologies: More detailed assessment3.1.Quantumai/mlalgorithms for learning–review foritcilonear-term relevance.573.2.‘Quantumreadiness’ capacity development provision analysis. . . . . . . . . . . .673.3.suggestions summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Appendix 1– Prioritised taxonomies for comparisonAppendix 2– Potential additional infrastructure domainsAppendix 3– Example government strategies and roadmapsppendix 4– Sample public quantum computing roadmapsAppendix 5– Glossary of TermsAppendix 6– Quantum 101 215285793101102109113117 Quantum technologies and the future of learningEXECUTIVE SUMMARYitcilocontext for this reportitcilohas a mandate to monitor emerging technologies and investigate opportunities forinnovation to enhance learning and capacity building.this mandate builds onitcilo’s trackrecord of being early to technologies in the context of the large-scale training sector.1Withinthatmandate,ourworkstreamhasfocusedonrefiningITCILO’staxonomyofemergingtechnologies as a practical tool for directing that research in general and on the potential ofquantum technologies in particular.our workstream operates with a 2030 time horizon and ismindful of broaderitciloandilopriorities about policies around decent work, sustainability,and social justice.enhancing quantum readiness and quantum literacy are key themes inthis report.the report methodology comprises analysis of secondary sources and key informant interviews.the key secondary sources include 13 national government andeustrategies on quantumtechnologies (see appendix 3), 5 corporate roadmaps (appendix 4), 7 technology taxonomies(appendix 1), over 20 market reports, as well as selected online sources, academic papers,and sector press cited in footnotes and a dedicated scan of quantum readiness courses forsection 3.2. Key informant interviews are drawn fromitciloexperts and the seven academicand corporate organisations listed in the acknowledgements. Keyword searches on academicandpatentdatabasesarealsousedtoquantifytrendsandmomentumindifferentareasofquantum technology.today’s perspectives on quantum technologiesthere is little awareness of the detail of quantum technologies outside dedicatedr&dcommunities– and no shortage of myths (text box 1).nonetheless, some discussionsbetray a general sense that quantum technologies have been long-hyped and have typicallydisappointed to date.for instance, “quantum computing has been ongartner’s list of emergingtechnologies 11 times between 2000 and 2017, each time listed in the earliest stage in thehype cycle, and each time with the categorization that commercialization is more than 10years away”.21this track record includes launching Zoom calls in 2013, using extended reality in 2019, and trialling liveaitransla-tion with over 100 languages for events with hundreds of participants in 2024.2nationalacademies ofsciences,engineering, andmedicine. 2019. Quantumcomputing: Progress and Prospects.Washington,dc:thenationalacademies Press.https://doi.org/10.17226/25196.https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/25196/chapter/9 Quantum technologies and the future of learningAsenseofscepticismisunderstandableinthelightofpreviousclaimsandaffordsahelpfulantidote to marketing-motivated hype, but undirected scepticism is out of date today. Quantumtechnologies have made enormous progress in recent years3, are attracting commercialpartnerships anticipating near-term viability, and are already being used in niche commercialsettings, at least as proofs of concept.as a few examples, quantum computers are being testedin logistics optimisation challenges4, q