广义定义、关键应用、机会和威胁研究报告

Attila Kovari Institute of Digital Technology, Faculty of Informatics, Eszterházy KárolyCatholic University, Eszterházy tér 1, 3300 Eger, Hungary kovari.attila@uni-eszterhazy.hu Kandó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Óbuda University, Bécsiút96/B, 1034 Budapest, Hungary, kovari.attila@uni-obuda.hu Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Engineering, University ofDunaujváros, Táncsics M. u. 1/A, 2400 Dunaujváros, Hungary,kovari@uniduna.hu GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, John von NeumannUniversity, Izsáki u. 10, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary kovari.attila@nje.hu Abstract: Collaboration between humans and machines is the main focus of the latestindustrial revolution dubbed 'Industry 5.0'. This piece aims to highlight the overall concept,as well as the key applications, opportunities and threats of Industry 5.0. Various definitionsof Industry 5.0 are presented, with a focus on the significance of human-robot cooperationand the priority placed on people and eco-friendliness in industrial processes. This articleshowcases the distinct and inventive customer experiences that Industry 5.0 provides, whilealso generating value for industrial companies. Additionally, a SWOT analysis delves intothe strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats brought about by Industry 5.0.Achieving sustainable development goals and gaining a competitive edge are both possiblefor companies embracing Industry 5.0. Despite the benefits, however, obstacles abound.Issues like integrating human resources into production processes and tackling safety andethical concerns require attention. Keywords: Industry 5.0; Industry 4.0; human-machine cooperation; sustainability; SWOTanalysis; sustainable development goals; safety issues; ethical issues; human resources 1Introduction A series of industrial revolutions have brought major changes in manufacturing andproduction. The term Industry 4.0 was publicly introduced at the Hannover Fair in2011 [1], which developed the concept of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) into Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) [2]. One of the key initiatives ofIndustry 4.0 is SmartFactory [3]. In the era of Industry 4.0, production systems, inthe form of CPPS, can make intelligent decisions through real-time communicationandcollaboration between"manufacturing things"[4],enabling flexiblemanufacturing of high-quality personalised products with mass efficiency [5].In Industry 4.0, the main priority is to automate processes, thereby reducing humanintervention in the manufacturing process [6]. Industry 4.0 focuses on improvingmass production and performance by digitalisation and AI-driven technologies toincrease the efficiency and flexibility of production, but with less focus on socialand sustainability principles. The fifth industrial revolution, Industry 5.0, is an advancement of its predecessor,Industry 4.0, which was centered around automation and digitization. Industry 5.0is a revolution that recognises industry's ability to achieve social goals alongsidegrowth, putting people at the centre of the production process [6]. Industry 5.0 willplace more emphasis on the human factor, customisation, environmental awareness,and the integration of new technologies than previous industrial revolutions.The introduction of Industry 5.0 is based on the fact that Industry 4.0 focuses lesson social and sustainability principles and more on increasing the efficiency andflexibility of production [7]. Figure 1 summarizes the industrial revolutions. Industry 5.0's focus lies in enhancing the collaboration between humans andmachines. Its goal is to improve workplace safety, reduce errors, and boostproductivity by optimizing human-machine interaction [8]. The combination ofcreative human input and smart technology defines the Industry 5.0 model. It allowsfor workers to not only participate in the production process, but also makeimportant decisions and adapt to shifting circumstances in real-time. Working inconjunction with each other instead of being replaced, Industry 5.0 and Industry 4.0harmoniously bring forth optimal results for manufacturing and industry. Human-machine collaboration, sustainability and cybersecurity will be key elements of thenew industrial revolution. This paper summarizes the definitions of Industry 5.0 and give a generalizedconcept for Industry 5.0 applications. Based on a synthesized analysis, it reflectsthe key applications of Industry 5.0 with the help of a detailed SWOT analysis andhighlights the main opportunities and threats of the fifth industrial revolution. 2Generalized Definition of Industry 5.0 Industry 5.0 is still constantly developing, so experts and researchers from differentperspectives have given different definitions for the discussion of this industrialrevolution. Since the concept of Industry 5.0 has not yet fully matured, sosomegeneral and more specific definitions are summarized below: -Def1:“The revolution of industry 5.0 means that humans and machines