市场和竞争政策评估工具包

© 2023 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusionsexpressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governmentsthey represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assumeresponsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use theinformation, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown onany map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or theendorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunitiesof The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this workmay be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World BankGroup, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. JUNE, 2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................viiiMOTIVATION............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xABBREVIATION......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xiiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xiii PART I : INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS MARKET AND COMPETITION POLICY AND HOW IS IT RELEVANT FOR DEVELOPMENT?....................................................................................11.1.DEMYSTIFYING COMPETITION ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1COMPETITION TAKES PLACE IN MARKETS – NOT SECTORS, INDUSTRIES, OR ECONOMIES...............................................................................................................................................1HOW MARKETS FUNCTION AFFECTS MACRO- AND MICROECONOMIC OUTCOMES, BUT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO DEFINE THE LEVELOF COMPETITION AT THE COUNTRY LEVEL.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3MARKET OUTCOMES ARE NOT MERELY DRIVEN BY MARKET STRUCTURE – MORE CONCENTRATION DOES NOT MEAN LESS COMPETITION ..........4UNDERSTANDING MARKETS REQUIRES A HOLISTIC APPROACH – THERE IS NO UNIQUE COMPETITION INDICATOR...........................................................................51.2.DEMYSTIFYING POLICIES TO BOOST COMPETITION.............................................