亚洲数字创意产业回顾：促进增长和创造高质量就业的机遇和政策

OPPORTUNITIES AND POLICIES TO FOSTERGROWTH AND CREATE HIGH-QUALITY JOBS OCTOBER 2024 A REVIEW OF DIGITALCREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN ASIA OPPORTUNITIES AND POLICIES TO FOSTERGROWTH AND CREATE HIGH-QUALITY JOBS OCTOBER 2024 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO license(CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) © 2024 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2024. ISBN 978-92-9270-887-0 (print); 978-92-9270-888-7 (PDF); 978-92-9270-889-4 (ebook)Publication Stock No. TCS240434-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS240434-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO license(CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/. By using the content of thispublication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution and permissions, please read theprovisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars, “₹” refers to Indian rupees, “€” refers to euros, “£” refers topounds sterling, “B” refers to baht, “RM” refers to ringgit, “S$” refers to Singapore dollars, and “W” refers to won. ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China, “Korea” and “South Korea” as the Republic of Korea, “Hanoi”as Ha Noi, “Siam” as Thailand, and “Vietnam” as Viet Nam. This report was commissioned by the Asian Development Bank to Disal Consulting, with Netflix serving as a knowledgepartner. Cover design by Allita Lavina Crasto and Keshia D'Silva. PART I: OPPORTUNITIES 1. Digital Creative Industries: a driver of job creation and socioeconomic developmentin Asia 2. Digital Transformation: new opportunities to capture value within the global contentvalue chain PART II: BARRIERS TO DEVELOPMENT45 3. Foundations for Policymaking: governance, strategy development, data availability,and public–private dialogue 5. Regulatory and Business environment: incentives, financial support, content bans andIP protection PART III: POLICIES 102 6. Best Practices: how creative powerhouses foster growth and job creation in digitalcreative industries 103 7. Conclusions: key lessons learned and policy recommendations 119 TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXES TABLES 96125Comparison of Sector Categoriesamong United Nations Educational, Scientific andCultural Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, andPricewaterhouseCoopers Global Entertainment and MediaExamples of Industries Covered in Different Cultural and Creative Economy Concepts19234292Internet and Smartphone Penetration in India, Indonesia, Thailand, and VietNam in 2023Use Cases of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning across Creative IndustriesNew Roles and Critical Skills to Perform ThemFilm Production Incentives in India, Indonesia, and ThailandInfocomm Media Development Authority Content Grants, Media Talent Progression Program4Number of Interviews by Country and Sector12345678 FIGURES Framework for the Assessment of Key Barriers to Digital Creative Industries Developmentxi12345678910Summary of Policy Recommendationsxiii810111217454710Economic, Employment, and Intangible Benefits of Creative SectorsExpected Entertainment and Media Industry Revenue CAGR vs Expected GrossDomestic Product CAGR in India, Indonesia, and Thailand 2024-2028Expected Entertainment and Media Compound Annual Growth Rate by Percent in the Asiaand the Pacific Region 2024-2028Employment Impact Multipl