联合国贸易发展委员会-国际渔业准入协定：优化发展影响的挑战和机遇

International fisheriesaccess agreements Challenges and opportunitiesto optimize development impacts Technical and statistical report International fisheriesaccess agreements Challenges and opportunitiesto optimize development impacts © 2024, United NationsAll rights reserved worldwide Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the CopyrightClearance Center at copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of America Email: publications@un.orgWebsite: https://shop.un.org/ The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors anddo not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerningthe legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Acknowledgements This publication was prepared under the overall guidance of Paul Akiwumi, Director, UNCTADDivision for Africa, Least Developed Countries and Special Programmes, by a team led byMussie Delelegn (Acting Head, Productive Capacities and Sustainable Development Branch).Research was coordinated by Johanna Silvander, with comments provided by Lisa Borgatti.Benedetta Simonini provided support in formatting and the review of tables and figures. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Lahsen Ababouch, former Director ofthe Fisheries and Aquaculture Department at the Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations. List of acronyms ABNJ(Marine) Areas Beyond National JurisdictionAISAutomatic Identification SystemBBNJBiodiversity of Areas Beyond National JurisdictionCBDConvention on Biological DiversityCCAMLRCommission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living ResourcesCDSCatch Documentation SchemeCFPCommon Fisheries Policy of the European UnionCITESConvention on International Trade in EndangeredSpecies of Wild Fauna and FloraCOFAChina Overseas Fisheries AssociationDSFDeep-Sea FisheriesDWFDistant-Water FishingEEZExclusive Economic ZoneEPAEconomic Partnership AgreementFADFish aggregating deviceFAOFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFFAPacific Islands Forum Fisheries AgencyFoCFlag of convenienceGFWGlobal Fishing WatchGVCGlobal value chainHMTCHarmonized minimum terms and conditions forfisheries access agreement in PICsIATTCInter-American Tropical Tuna CommissionICCATInternational Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic TunasIOTCIndian Ocean Tuna CommissionIUUIllegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishingKOFAKorea Overseas Fisheries AssociationMCSMonitoring, control and surveillanceMSCMarine Stewardship CouncilMSYMaximum sustainable yieldNGONon-Governmental OrganizationOACPSOrganization of African, Caribbean and Pacific states OECDOrganization for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOFPOceanic Fisheries Programme (OFP) of the Pacific CommunityPICsPacific Island countriesPNAParties to the Nauru AgreementPSMAAgreement on Port State Measures to Prevent,Deter and Eliminate IUU fishingRFMORegional fisheries management organizationSADCSouthern African Development CommunitySCM(WTO Agreement on) Subsidies and Countervailing MeasuresSFPAsSustainable Fisheries Partnership AgreementsSIDSSmall Island Developing StatesSPCSecretariat of the Pacific CommissionSPREPSecretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment ProgrammeTDSTrade documentation schemeRTMsRestrictive Trade MeasuresUNCLOSUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaUNCTADUnited Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUSPUniversity of the South PacificUVIUnique vessel identifierVDSVessel day schemeVGFSPVoluntary Guidelines for Flag State PerformanceVGCDSVoluntary Guidelines for Catch Documentation SchemesVMSVessel monitoring systemWCPFCWestern and Central Pacific Fisheries CommissionWCPOWestern and Central Pacific OceanWIOWestern Indian OceanWTOWorld Trade Organization Table of contents Chapter I Introduction.......................................................................................... 1 Chapter II The legal framework for fisheries access arrangements................ 7 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)................................................ 9Other international instruments of relevance...................................................... 11FAO Compliance Agreement......................................................................... 11UN Fish Stocks Agreement..........................