2023世界数字竞争力调查评比报告

Ranking 2023 IMD World Competitiveness Online. Preface I am delighted to present the seventh edition of the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking (WDCR). Once again, we have analyzed the capacity of economies with differing levels of prosperity and resources –andof varying sizes and mentalities –to embrace new digital technologies and use them to transform governmentpractices, business models, and society in general in a way that improves people’s lives. The total number ofeconomies assessed in the 2023 WDCR is 64, with Kuwait making its début. Building “digital nations” – that is, creating systems that help companies and individuals to adopt digital techseamlessly–should be a top priority for executives and anyone who has an influence on governmental activitiesin 2024. This year has been peppered with colorful talks on Artificial Intelligence (AI) with equal doses of concern,excitement, and conjecture as to how it could shake up our lives, starting with our jobs. AI is set to generateenormous productivity gains by automating many tasks that previously required human intervention, but I donot think it is about to replace our jobs, despite the hype. That said, tasks set to be replaced do include creative ones just as much as those that are routine. The increasedefficiency that will ensue is going to reduce costs, but employment levels could also drop. AI will fill the gapthough, as I see it, by providing personalized services, thereby boosting quality of life and satisfaction. This is,of course, in an ideal use case of the technology. While we measure no specific AI indicators as such in the WDCR –that is, we are not yet measuring the uptakeof chatbots, say –AI sits silently at the core of several of the subfactors into which we group our hard data andsurvey replies. These are, namely: talent, regulatory and technological frameworks, and adaptive attitudes andbusiness agility. On a data level, the quality of digital regulation, the funding available for technology development,and the degree of company agility are all data points that are enmeshed with AI. AI and cybercrime, too, exist in symbiosis. AI assists in password cracking via algorithms and in hacking via itsautomation abilities. As my colleagues address in their analytical report that follows my macro-outlook for digitalcompetitiveness, a mere 5% of our 4,000 survey respondents (all global senior executives) said they hadn’timplemented any new cybersecurity measures in the past year. And yet, AI tools have also reduced the need for human involvement in aspects like malware development,scams, and extortion within cybercriminal organizations. This alone knocks the digital talent panorama off itsshelf. Cyber security, then, becomes a clear example of the need to assess AI’s trade-offs and to take a verydeliberate approach towards using it optimally. Countries cannot do this in isolation but need to lean on regional,if not global, institutions to do so. At the IMD World Competitiveness Center, we are, as ever, indebted to our partner institutes, the IMD alumnicommunity, and our panel of experts for offering a combination of data and invaluable insights without whichour rankings would be mere pipedreams and not the tools for positive action they have become. Thank you. Professor Arturo BrisDirectorIMD World Competitiveness Center Table of Contents Overall and Breakdown Digital Rankings....................................................................................................................................... 14Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles...................................................................................................................................... 15 Striving towards being a digital nation in the era of artificial intelligence..................................................................... 18 Analysis of results..........................................................................................................................................................................................26 The 2023 IMD World DigitalCompetitiveness Ranking............................................................................................................. 38 Methodology in a nutshell...........................................................................................................................................................................40 Populations greater than 20 million.................................................................................................................................................42Populations less than 20 million.........................................................................................................................................................42GDP per capita greater than $20,000..........................................................................................................................................