《拉丁美洲和加勒比经济评论》，2024年4月竞争：增长的缺失因素？

© 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 27 26 25 24 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed inthis work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The WorldBank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for anyerrors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes,or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply anyjudgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of theirworks. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The WorldBank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercialpurposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Maloney, William, Pablo Garriga, Marcela Meléndez, Raúl Morales, Charl Jooste, James Sampi,Jorge Thompson Araujo, and Ekaterina Vostroknutova. 2024.Competition: The Missing Ingredient for Growth?Latin America and the CaribbeanEconomic Review (April 2024). Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2111-0. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This translation was notcreated by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content orerror in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This is an adaptationof an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of theadaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Banktherefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on therights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of thework, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner.Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433,USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-2111-0 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2111-0 Cover design: Alejandro Espinosa/sonideas.com Edition: Nancy Morrison Competition:The Missing Ingredientfor Growth? Acknowledgements This report is a product of the Chief Economist Office for Latin America and the Caribbean at the World Bank. Thepreparation of the report was led by William Maloney (Chief Economist), Marcela Meléndez Arjona (Deputy ChiefEconomist), Pablo Garriga (Research Economist), and Raul Morales Lema (Research Economist). Excellent researchand editorial assistance were dispensed by Pilar Ruiz Orrico (Research Analyst), Laura Tenjo (Research Analyst), JoséAndrée Camarena Fonseca (Research Analyst), Pablo Hernandez Pedraza (Research Analyst), Nicolás Peña-Tenjo(Consultant), María José Uribe (Consultant), Rafael Vilarouca Nunes (Consultant), Jacqueline Larrabure (ProgramAssistant), Cecilia Lim (Consultant), Leonardo Padovani and Martin Gianelli. Other contributions were providedby Andrés Zambrano (Senior Economist), Guillermo Vuletin (Senior Economist), Guillermo Raul Beylis (SeniorEconomist) and Nathalie Gonzalez-Prieto (Research Economist), all in the Chief Economist Office (LCRCE). Substantive contributions were made from across the regional teams: Poverty and Equity: Carlos Rodriguez Castelan (Practice Manager, ELCPV), Hugo Ñopo (Senior Economist, EL