国家电力市场调查报告

June 2026 Report 12 June 2026 Acknowledgment of country The ACCC acknowledges the traditional owners and custodians of Country throughout Australiaand recognises their continuing connection to the land, sea and community. We pay our respectsto them and their cultures; and to their Elders past, present and future. Australian Competition and Consumer CommissionNgunnawal 23 Marcus Clarke Street, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601 © Commonwealth of Australia 2026 This work is copyright. In addition to any use permitted under theCopyright Act 1968, all material contained within this work is provided under aCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia licence, with the exception of: ƒthe Commonwealth Coat of Arms ƒthe ACCC and AER logosƒany illustration, diagram, photograph or graphic over which the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission does not hold copyright, butwhich may be part of or contained within this publication. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Director, Corporate Communications, ACCC, GPO Box 3131,Canberra ACT 2601. Important notice The information in this publication is for general guidance only. It does not constitute legal or other professional advice, and should not be reliedon as a statement of the law in any jurisdiction. Because it is intended only as a general guide, it may contain generalisations. You should obtainprofessional advice if you have any specific concern. The ACCC has made every reasonable effort to provide current and accurate information, but it does not make any guarantees regarding theaccuracy, currency or completeness of that information. Parties who wish to re-publish or otherwise use the information in this publication must check this information for currency and accuracy prior topublication. This should be done prior to each publication edition, as ACCC guidance and relevant transitional legislation frequently change. Anyqueries parties have should be addressed to the Director, Corporate Communications, ACCC, GPO Box 3131, Canberra ACT 2601. Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................................................2 1.Introduction...........................................................................................................................14 1.1.Our role in electricity markets.......................................................................................141.2.The data we collect.......................................................................................................151.3.We focus on batteries and virtual power plants..........................................................161.4.How we have used artificial intelligence.....................................................................16 2.Billing outcomes for regular electricity customers...........................................................17 2.1.Consumer bills increased in 2025................................................................................182.2.Higher electricity usage and effective prices contributed to higher bills..................302.3.Customers in New South Wales and South Australia continue to switch to marketoffers..............................................................................................................................342.4.Time of use and flat rate plan bills...............................................................................382.5.Savings for solar customers are reducing, as feed-in tariffs continue to decline....42 3.Household batteries and virtual power plants...................................................................45 3.1.Household battery installations are surging...............................................................463.2.Virtual power plants can maximise the value of household battery installations....503.3.Virtual power plants help customers optimise their batteries to achieve lower bills...........................................................................................................................................57 4.Consumer risks and policy reforms to enhance trust.......................................................65 4.1.Consumer bodies are receiving more reports of battery and virtual power plantissues.............................................................................................................................664.2.Battery and solar systems are a significant investment and not without risk..........704.3.Virtual power plant uptake requires high levels of customer trust............................794.4.Building consumer trust in batteries and coordination..............................................89 Appendix A:Our analysis.........................................................................................................100 Appendix B: Terms of reference..............................................