支持公正和包容的能源转型：东盟可再生能源项目的社区参与和利益共享

Auliya Febriyanti, Nathania Azalia, Aldilla Noor Rakhiemah, Zulfikar Yurnaidi1111 ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE)1 Highlights Energy system planning affects people and communities. Decisions on generation, transmission, distribution, andsupporting infrastructure can shape land use, livelihoods, employment, local environments, access to energy, and thedistribution of development benefits. Community engagement and benefit-sharing should therefore be integrated into energy planning and project development toensure that communities are not only affected by energy infrastructure, but are also able to participate in and benefit from it. As ASEAN advances its energy transition and increases its renewable energy ambition, renewable energy projects provide animportant entry point for strengthening community benefit-sharing practices in the region. Community benefit-sharing provides a practical approach to advancing a just and inclusive energy transition by enablinghost and affected communities to benefit through local jobs, skills development, procurement opportunities, improvedenergy services, community infrastructure, livelihood support, environmental programmes, and, where appropriate,revenue-sharing or co-ownership arrangements. This policy brief focuses on renewable energy projects as a key example, given ASEAN’s growing renewable energydeployment. It introduces community benefit-sharing practices from global and ASEAN experiences and providesrecommendations for stronger policy guidance, capacity building, and regional knowledge exchange. Introduction1. Advancingan energy transition that prioritises meaningfulcommunity participation can enable a mutual reinforcement ofeconomic viability and social equity[1]. To ensure this mutualreinforcement, the benefits from energy transitions need to beshared fairly and disproportionate costs to communities need tobe mitigated, in line with the principle of energy justice[2][3]. Thisisparticularly important for disadvantaged communities,including Indigenous Peoples, low-income households, personswith disabilities, and other groups that may face greater barriersto participation or may be more exposed to the impacts of energydevelopment. access to energy, local environments, and the distribution ofdevelopment benefits. Forthis reason,energy planning must be accompanied bymeaningfulstakeholder engagement and the systematicassessment of environmental and social implications. Withoutappropriateplanning and engagement,energy policies andprojects may create tensions, delay project implementation, andweakenpublic support for the energy transition[4][5].Community engagement and benefit-sharing should therefore beintegrated into energy planning and project development from theearliest stages, so that communities are not only affected byenergy infrastructure, but are also able to participate in andbenefit from it. Energy planning is not only a technical or economic process.Decisions on how energy is produced, transmitted, distributed,andconsumed have direct implications for people andcommunities. Power sector planning encompasses decisions ongeneration,transmission,distribution,andsupportinginfrastructure investments that shape how energy is produced,delivered, and consumed across society. These decisions caninfluenceland use,livelihoods,employment opportunities,access. Thisissue is relevant across the energy system,includinggeneration, transmission, distribution, and cross-border energyinfrastructure. However, it is becoming particularly important inthecontext of renewable energy development.As ASEANtransitions towards clean energy, accelerating the deployment ofrenewable Policy Brief renewable energy has become a priority for governments. Underthe ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) 2026-2030, the region has raised its renewable energy ambition,targetinga 45%share of installed power capacity fromrenewables by 2030[6]. The 8 ASEAN Energy Outlook (AEO8)further estimates that renewable energy installed capacity couldreach 49% by 2030 under the Regional Aspirational Scenario(RAS)[7]. In the ASEAN RE Long-Term Roadmap (RE-LTRM),advanced regional integration under the AREC scenario couldincrease the share of RE installed capacity to 58.6% by 2045[8].th In the context of renewable energy development, it refers toarrangementsthrough which communities affected by,orlocated near, energy projects receive tangible and meaningfulbenefits arising from project development and operation[10]. To enhance positive social outcomes across all renewableenergy projects, each technology presents distinct risks thatneedto be addressed when planning community benefitsharing. Utility-scale solar developments often require extensiveland resources, which may lead to the conversion of agriculturalland and associated impacts on local communities, includingindigenous people. Wind power projects generate noise andshadow flickers, and pose risks to the bird population[11].Hydropower ma